A camp nurse is teaching a group of adolescent girls about the importance of monthly breast self-examination. What level of preventive care does this activity represent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: primary preventive care. Breast self-examination is a proactive measure to detect early signs of breast cancer, focusing on preventing the development of the disease. It falls under primary prevention, which aims to prevent diseases before they occur by promoting healthy behaviors and regular screenings. Secondary preventive care (choice B) involves early detection and treatment of diseases, tertiary care (choice C) is focused on managing and treating existing conditions, and restorative care (choice D) involves restoring health after illness or injury. Breast self-examination is primarily about prevention rather than detection or treatment, making it a primary preventive care activity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the nurse. The nurse holds full legal responsibility and accountability for their actions due to the principle of individual professional responsibility. Nurses are independent practitioners and are accountable for their own actions, decisions, and behaviors. The head nurse (B) may provide guidance and support but does not assume legal responsibility for the actions of individual nurses. The physician (C) is responsible for their own actions and decisions, not those of the nurse. The hospital (D) may have overall responsibility for patient care but does not take legal responsibility for the actions of individual nurses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: preventing illness. Educational sessions on weight loss aim to prevent obesity-related health issues, thus aligning with the preventive aspect of nursing care. By educating individuals on healthy habits, the nurse helps to reduce the risk of developing various illnesses associated with excess weight. Advocacy (choice A) involves supporting and promoting patients' rights; restoring health (choice C) focuses on improving health after illness; facilitating coping (choice D) involves helping patients deal with stress. These choices do not directly address the preventive nature of weight loss education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Displacement. This patient is displacing his anger and frustration from the hospital food onto the nurse manager instead of addressing the real issue. Displacement involves redirecting emotions from the actual source to a substitute target. Denial (A) is refusing to acknowledge a painful reality, not relevant here. Rationalization (C) is justifying behavior with logical reasoning, not applicable. Repression (D) is unconsciously blocking out unwanted thoughts or feelings, not demonstrated in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perceived loss. This is because the student nurse is feeling a sense of loss in her confidence and self-worth due to receiving a lower grade than expected. It is not an actual loss, as nothing tangible has been lost. It is also not a physical loss, as it doesn't involve a physical object or ability. It is not a situational loss, as that typically refers to a loss related to external circumstances. In this case, the student's feeling of inadequacy is based on her perception of her academic performance, making it a perceived loss.