ATI RN
Chapter 17 Endocrine System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A calorie is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: the standard unit of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1gm of water 1° from 15-16°C. This is because a calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. This definition aligns perfectly with choice D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they involve raising the temperature of different substances (1L of water, 1gm of mercury, and 1gm of water) by 1 degree Celsius over different temperature ranges (15-16°C, 17-18°C), which do not match the standard definition of a calorie.
Question 2 of 5
The hormone that stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus is .
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: oxytocin. Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus during childbirth and labor. It acts on the smooth muscle cells in the uterine wall, causing them to contract and aiding in the process of childbirth. A: Follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the regulation of the reproductive system, particularly in the development of ovarian follicles. C: Prolactin is primarily responsible for milk production in the mammary glands. D: Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum in the ovary. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it directly affects the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus, which is essential during childbirth.
Question 3 of 5
The enzyme amylase breaks down?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like glucose. It does this by catalyzing the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Proteins are broken down by protease enzymes, not amylase. Fats are broken down by lipase enzymes. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide a relevant option.
Question 4 of 5
Like the small intestine, the large intestine has villi to aid absorption?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The large intestine does not have villi like the small intestine. Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, and does not have villi. Other choices are incorrect because the large intestine does not have villi and does not aid in absorption like the small intestine.
Question 5 of 5
The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is in the clinic to check his long-term glycemic control. Which test should be used?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is option D) Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) for monitoring long-term glycemic control in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A1C provides an average of a person's blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months, giving a better picture of overall glycemic control. This test is preferred as it reflects both fasting and postprandial glucose levels, providing a comprehensive assessment. Option A) Water deprivation test is used to diagnose conditions related to water balance, such as diabetes insipidus, not for monitoring long-term glycemic control in diabetes. Option B) Fasting blood glucose test is useful for assessing immediate glycemic status but does not give a long-term overview like A1C. Option C) Oral glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, not for monitoring long-term glycemic control. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind using specific tests for monitoring different aspects of diabetes management is crucial for healthcare providers to make informed decisions in patient care. A1C is a valuable tool in assessing overall glycemic control and is recommended by guidelines for routine monitoring in diabetes management.