A calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine or nifedipine is preferred to a beta blocker such as atenolol to treat hypertension and angina in patients who also have:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Restlessness and muscle rigidity. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms, such as restlessness and muscle rigidity, which can occur as side effects of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. Tactile hallucinations (A) are not typically treated with benztropine. Tardive dyskinesia (B) is a movement disorder that may result from long-term use of antipsychotic medications and is not an acute symptom requiring benztropine. Reports of hearing disturbing voices (D) are symptoms of schizophrenia that are typically managed with antipsychotic medications like haloperidol, rather than benztropine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because lithium therapy requires a consistent sodium intake to maintain proper electrolyte balance. Restricting sodium content can lead to lithium toxicity. Choice A is important to avoid interactions with caffeine. Choice B is crucial to prevent fluctuations in sodium levels. Choice C is essential to prevent dehydration and maintain proper kidney function. Therefore, restricting sodium content is not a suitable instruction for lithium therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Lithium is a mood stabilizer that can cause dehydration and increase the risk of toxicity. Step 2: Maintaining normal salt and fluids helps prevent dehydration and maintains lithium levels. Step 3: Drinking excessive fluids (B) can lead to lithium toxicity. Step 4: Regular liver function tests (C) are not necessary for monitoring lithium therapy. Step 5: Avoiding aged cheese (D) is unrelated to lithium therapy. Summary: Choice A is correct as it directly addresses the need to maintain hydration and normal salt levels to prevent lithium toxicity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are either unnecessary or unrelated to lithium therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: It decreases intracranial pressure. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by drawing water from brain tissue into the bloodstream, reducing intracranial pressure. This helps to manage conditions such as cerebral edema. Choices B and C are incorrect because mannitol does not impact intraocular pressure or cause sodium and potassium retention. Choice D is incorrect as mannitol causes diuresis rapidly within minutes to hours, not over several days.