A burn that affects the epidermis and causes redness and pain is a

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: First-degree (superficial) burn. This type of burn only affects the epidermis, causing redness and pain. The epidermis is the top layer of the skin, and a first-degree burn is characterized by mild symptoms such as redness and pain without blistering or skin damage. Choice B: Second-degree (partial-thickness) burn involves damage to both the epidermis and the dermis, leading to blistering and more severe pain. Choice C: Third-degree (full-thickness) burn affects all layers of the skin, causing white or charred skin and potentially no pain due to nerve damage. Choice D: Scald is a type of injury caused by hot liquids or steam, not a specific classification of burn. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they describe burns that involve deeper layers of the skin and more severe symptoms compared to a first-degree burn, which only affects the epidermis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation, aiding in the healing process. Elevating the casted limb above the heart level also helps to reduce pain and discomfort. A: Keeping the cast wet or damp can lead to skin irritation, infection, and weakening of the cast material. B: Using a sharp object to remove items inside the cast can cause injury to the skin and the underlying tissues. D: Using warm water and soap to wash the cast can weaken the cast material and may lead to skin irritation and infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because scheduling bathing when the resident is least agitated helps reduce stress and resistance. This approach promotes a more positive bathing experience and ensures safety. Choice B is incorrect as rushing can lead to accidents and increased agitation. Choice C is incorrect as forcing the resident to bathe can lead to further resistance and distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted through contaminated needles, as the virus can enter the bloodstream through needle punctures. Healthcare workers are at risk due to needlestick injuries. A is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like touching objects. B is incorrect because HIV is not spread through toilet use. C is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through hugging, even if the person has a fever.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using communication boards. This method is appropriate as it allows the resident to visually communicate by pointing to or indicating words or symbols on the board. It ensures clear and accurate communication, especially for individuals with artificial airways who may have difficulty speaking. A: Playing charades may not be effective for residents with artificial airways as it relies on physical gestures and may not always be clear or understood. B: Shouting at the resident is not appropriate and can be distressing for them. It does not consider the resident's comfort or dignity. C: Asking the resident's family what they think he wants may not always be reliable and may not accurately reflect the resident's own preferences and needs.