A burn that affects the epidermis and causes redness and pain is a

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: First-degree (superficial) burn. This type of burn affects only the epidermis, causing redness and pain. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, so a burn that affects only this layer is classified as a first-degree burn. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe burns that penetrate deeper layers of the skin. Second-degree burns (B) involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing blisters and more severe pain. Third-degree burns (C) damage all layers of the skin and may result in numbness due to nerve damage. Scalds (D) refer to burns caused by hot liquids or steam, but the severity of the burn depends on the depth of tissue damage, not just the cause.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elevate an extremity that is in a cast. Elevating the extremity helps reduce swelling and promote circulation. This is important for proper healing and preventing complications. Keeping the cast wet or damp (A) can lead to skin irritation and infection. Using a sharp object to remove items in the cast (B) can cause injury. Washing a cast with warm water and soap (D) can weaken the cast material and compromise its integrity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A: 1. Scheduling bathing when the resident is least agitated promotes cooperation. 2. It reduces stress and resistance, making the bathing experience more pleasant. 3. It respects the resident's feelings and autonomy. 4. It ensures safety and quality care. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Rushing the resident through the bath can lead to agitation and resistance. C: Forcing the resident to bathe violates their autonomy and can cause distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated blood, such as through needlestick injuries. Healthcare workers are at risk due to their exposure to blood and bodily fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through casual contact like touching objects, sharing toilets, or hugging. HIV is primarily transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using communication boards. This method allows the resident to express themselves visually when they cannot speak due to an artificial airway. Communication boards provide a range of options for the resident to point to communicate their needs effectively. Playing charades (A) may be challenging for the resident to participate in, shouting (B) can be distressing and ineffective, and asking the resident's family (C) may not always accurately represent the resident's wishes. Communication boards offer a structured and reliable means of communication in this scenario.