A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla is called a pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytomas are tumors that arise from the adrenal medulla, leading to overproduction of catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline. This excess secretion can result in symptoms such as high blood pressure, palpitations, and sweating. Choices A and C are incorrect because a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla typically causes high blood pressure, not low blood pressure or Addison's disease. Choice D is incorrect because excess cortisol secretion is associated with conditions like Cushing's syndrome, not pheochromocytoma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The pituitary gland does not directly control the parathyroid gland secretion of PTH. The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, such as adrenal cortex (A), thyroid gland (C), and ovaries (D). In contrast, the parathyroid gland is primarily regulated by the calcium levels in the blood, not directly by the pituitary gland. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are all glands whose secretions are directly controlled by the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Myxedema, Graves' disease, and cretinism are all disorders directly related to the thyroid gland, involving either hypo or hyperactivity. Myxedema and cretinism are hypothyroid disorders, while Graves' disease is a hyperthyroid disorder. Thus, the correct answer is C. Choice A is incorrect as Graves' disease is a hyperthyroid disorder. Choice B is incorrect as these disorders are not solely due to a deficiency of TSH. Choice D is incorrect as treatment can vary depending on the specific disorder and may not always involve T3 and/or T4.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary) because glucagon is secreted by the pancreas, PTH (parathyroid hormone) is secreted by the parathyroid glands, and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Choice A (Neurohypophysis, pancreas, ovary) is incorrect because the neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The ovary does not secrete any of these hormones. Choice B (Adrenal cortex, pancreas, neurohypophysis) is incorrect because the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone, not glucagon, PTH, or TSH. The neurohypophysis secretes oxytocin and ADH, not the hormones in question. Choice D (Testes, thymus, adenohypophysis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon (endocrine function) into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels, while also producing digestive enzymes (exocrine function) that are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Thyroid - primarily an endocrine gland that produces hormones like thyroxine. B: Thymus - strictly an endocrine gland responsible for T-cell development. D: Pituitary - also an endocrine gland that controls various other endocrine glands in the body.