A baby is born temporarily immune to the diseases to which the mother is immune. The nurse understands that this is an example of which of the following types of immunity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario described, the baby is born with temporary immunity to diseases that the mother is immune to. This is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity, where the baby receives preformed antibodies from the mother, providing immediate protection against certain diseases. This type of immunity is passive because the baby did not produce the antibodies themselves, and it is naturally acquired as it occurs through the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the baby during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: HIV can be transmitted through specific body fluids that contain the virus. Saliva, tears, and semen do not typically contain enough HIV to transmit the virus, so they are not considered significant modes of transmission. However, blood, breast milk, and genital fluids (such as semen) are known to contain higher levels of HIV and can lead to transmission of the virus. Therefore, the nurse would include blood, breast milk, and semen as methods of transmission for HIV during the educational session.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that provides important information about the types and numbers of cells in the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The primary purpose of performing a CBC before surgery is to identify any abnormalities in the blood that could affect the patient's ability to undergo the surgical procedure safely. Abnormally low hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels indicated by a CBC may suggest anemia, which could impact the patient's ability to tolerate surgery and anesthesia. Anemia can result in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, leading to potential complications during surgery. Therefore, identifying low HCT and Hb levels through a CBC allows healthcare providers to take appropriate measures to address and manage the condition before proceeding with surgery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to impaired clot formation and increased risk of bleeding. With a low platelet count, there is an increased risk of internal bleeding and hemorrhage, which can affect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the priority nursing diagnosis for a client with thrombocytopenia receiving chemotherapy would be Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cerebral, cardiopulmonary, GI. Monitoring for signs of internal bleeding, such as changes in mental status, chest pain, and abdominal pain, is crucial to prevent potential life-threatening complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corticosteroids, like prednisone, are commonly associated with several adverse drug reactions. Increased weight is often observed due to fluid retention and increased appetite caused by corticosteroids. Hypertension can result from the sodium and water retention triggered by these medications. Insomnia is a common side effect of corticosteroids due to their stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client for these adverse reactions and report any concerning symptoms to the healthcare provider for appropriate management.