ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 9-year-old female presented with acne that was resistant to treatment, examination revealed fibrovascular lesions on the nose and malar regions. She gave history of seizurstarted in early infancy. This skin lesion is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adenoma sebaceum are fibrovascular facial lesions (angiofibromas) in tuberous sclerosis, fitting this 9-year-old with resistant acne-like lesions and infantile seizures. Café au lait maculare flat, brown, in NF1. Ash-leaf spots are hypopigmented in tuberous sclerosis, not facial. Shagreen patch is lumbosacral, not facial. Fibromas are peripheral. Tuberous sclerosiss triad (seizures, intellectual disability, skin lesions) and adenomas malar distribution make B the correct answer, per diagnostic criteria.
Question 2 of 5
Visual acuity reach20/20 at age of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Visual acuity reach20/20 by 6 months , per AAP, as retina and visual cortex mature, allowing fine discrimination. Earlier (A-B, 2-4 months) acuity is ~20/200; later (D-E, 8-10 months) refinfurther. Six months marks this milestone, making C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Lower limbs injury in a child after car accident, lead to common peroneal nerve palsy, which results in gait abnormality due to weakness of ankle dorsiflexors. The gait that result from such injury is called
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Steppage gait results from common peroneal nerve palsy, per neurology texts, with high stepping to clear the foot due to dorsiflexor weakness (foot drop). Shuffling is parkinsonian; tandem tests balance; toe walking spasticity. Steppagcompensation makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Electromyography and nerve conduction velociti(NCVs) assess for abnormalitiof the neuromuscular apparatus. The amplitude of the NCVs signal is diminished in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Axonal neuropathidiminish NCV amplitude, per neurophysiology, from axon loss reducing signal strength. Guillain-Barré slows velocity (demyelination); botulism and myasthenia affect junctions, not amplitude; viral meningitis is unrelated. Axonal pathology makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The study of choice in any of the following conditions (focal neurological deficits, alteration in level of consciousness, or chronic progressive headache pattern) is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRI is the study of choice for focal deficits, altered consciousness, or chronic headaches, per AAN, due to superior detail of brain parenchyma, ischemia, or masses. CT is faster for acute hemorrhage; X-ray skeletal; EEG seizures; LP infection. MRIs resolution make B the correct answer.