A 9-year-old boy has periods of mania alternating with depression. Of the following, the hallmark of mania associated with this disorder is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the manifestations of different mental health disorders in children to provide appropriate care. In the case of a 9-year-old boy experiencing periods of mania alternating with depression, the hallmark of mania is the decreased need for sleep, making option D the correct answer. Excessive talking (option A) and excessive giggling (option B) are more commonly associated with hypomania or manic episodes in adults rather than children. While these symptoms can occur in pediatric mania, they are not as specific or consistent as the decreased need for sleep. Racing thoughts (option C) are also a common symptom of mania, but they are not as consistent or specific as the decreased need for sleep in children. Understanding these distinctions is vital in pediatric nursing as it guides the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of children with mental health disorders. Recognizing the specific symptoms of mania in children can lead to early intervention and better outcomes for the child's overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial as they impact a child's physical and emotional well-being. The correct answer, option B) asthma, is not considered a somatoform disorder. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, whereas somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms without a clear organic cause. Option A) conversion reaction is a somatoform disorder where psychological distress is expressed as physical symptoms. This can manifest as paralysis or blindness without a known medical explanation. Option C) hypochondriasis is characterized by excessive worry about having a serious illness despite reassurance from medical professionals. Option D) pain disorders are somatoform disorders where pain is the predominant symptom, often leading to significant distress and impairment. These disorders are not explained by a known medical condition. Educationally, differentiating between somatoform disorders and medical conditions is essential for pediatric nurses to provide holistic care to children. Recognizing the psychological components of somatoform disorders can help nurses support children and families in managing these complex conditions effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the treatment of enuresis (bedwetting) is crucial in promoting the child's physical and emotional well-being. The correct answer, D) having the child launder the soiled sheets, is not an appropriate treatment for enuresis. This option is punitive and can be damaging to the child's self-esteem and emotional health. A) enlisting the cooperation of the child is important as it empowers the child to be an active participant in their treatment, fostering a sense of responsibility and control. B) having the child void before retiring is a common recommendation to help reduce the likelihood of bedwetting episodes during the night by ensuring the bladder is emptied before sleep. C) using alarms is a behavioral intervention that helps the child wake up when they start to wet the bed, promoting awareness and potentially aiding in conditioning the child to recognize the need to wake up to void. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the sensitive nature of enuresis treatment in children. Approaches should be supportive, non-punitive, and focused on empowering the child to take an active role in their care. By explaining the rationale behind the correct and incorrect options, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when caring for children with enuresis, promoting effective and compassionate treatment strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and mental health, understanding suicide risk factors and prevention strategies is crucial. The correct answer, option D, states that alcohol use is unrelated to suicide. This is correct because research consistently shows a strong correlation between alcohol use and increased suicide risk. Alcohol can lower inhibitions, impair judgment, and exacerbate underlying mental health issues, all of which can contribute to suicidal ideation and behavior. Option A states that 15–40% of completed suicides are preceded by attempts. This is true and highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing suicide attempts as warning signs for potential future risk. Option B mentions that there are 5–45% attempts for each suicide. While the exact ratio may vary, the general idea that there are more suicide attempts than completed suicides is accurate, emphasizing the need for intervention and support for individuals at risk. Option C suggests that access to guns increases the risk of suicide. This is also true, as firearms are a highly lethal means of suicide and easy access to them can lead to impulsive and irreversible actions. In an educational context, understanding these nuances is essential for nurses working with pediatric populations who may be at risk for suicide. By recognizing the risk factors, understanding the prevalence of suicide attempts, and addressing access to lethal means like firearms and the role of alcohol, nurses can play a vital role in suicide prevention and intervention efforts among children and adolescents.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the correct answer to this question is A) 99% of cases. Screening procedures are crucial in identifying lead-poisoned children because lead poisoning often presents with subtle or nonspecific symptoms that can easily be missed during routine clinical assessments. By relying on screening procedures, healthcare providers can detect lead exposure early, allowing for prompt intervention and prevention of further harm. Option B) 79% of cases, Option C) 59% of cases, and Option D) 39% of cases are incorrect because they underestimate the effectiveness of screening procedures in identifying lead-poisoned children. Lead poisoning can have serious long-term effects on a child's development, making early detection essential for providing appropriate care and support. In an educational context, understanding the importance of screening procedures for lead poisoning highlights the significance of preventive healthcare measures in pediatric nursing. By emphasizing the role of screening in identifying asymptomatic cases, nurses can advocate for regular lead screenings and educate parents and caregivers about the risks of lead exposure in children. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to take proactive steps in safeguarding children's health and well-being.