ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 9-month-old infant presents with history of early-onset jaundice and growth retardation; on examination there are cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, and purpuric skin lesions; CBC revealed thrombocytopenia; echo study showed peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cataracts, purpura, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary stenosis at 9 months point to congenital rubella (D), unlike syphilis (A), HSV (B), CMV (C), or toxoplasmosis (E) profiles.
Question 2 of 5
The drug of choice for treatment of congenital syphilis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Penicillin (A) is the gold standard for congenital syphilis, effective against Treponema pallidum, per CDC guidelines.
Question 3 of 5
The mainstay of treatment for neonatal sepsis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ampicillin and gentamicin (C) cover GBS and gram-negatives, the mainstay for neonatal sepsis, per AAP guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
Sudden onset, short duration seizure that appears on day 1 to 3 of life in a well appearing infant that do not recur may be the result of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign familial seizures (C) present early, resolve quickly, and don’t recur in well infants, per genetic seizure patterns.
Question 5 of 5
In hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, refractory seizures begin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refractory seizures in HIE start 12-24 hours (A) post-birth, reflecting early neuronal injury, per HIE timelines.