ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 9-month-old infant have remittent fever for the last 4 days with nasal congestion and mild cough, today he developed maculopapular rash after subsidence of the fever. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roseola (B) typically presents with high fever for days, followed by a rash after fever subsides, common in infants, unlike rubella (A), measles (C), scarlet fever (D), or Kawasaki (E).
Question 2 of 5
Of the following, the MOST common viral cause of common cold is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhinoviruses (B) cause ~50% of common colds, per virology data, outranking others (A, C, D, E).
Question 3 of 5
A 7-year-old child presented with persistent mucopurulent rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, headache and cough, mainly at night preceded by history flue like illness; on examination there are facial swelling and tenderness. Of the following, the major predisposing factor for the development of this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sinusitis here follows a flu-like illness (common cold, D), the primary predisposing factor via obstruction and infection, per pediatric sinusitis data.
Question 4 of 5
A 2-year-old child presented with recurrent attacks of stridor and harsh cough, sudden in onset mainly at night with no fever; most of the time the stridor relieved during the trip to hospital. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spasmodic croup (C) features recurrent, sudden nocturnal stridor and cough without fever, often resolving spontaneously, per pediatric ENT.
Question 5 of 5
Monthly injections of palivizumab, a RSV-specific monoclonal antibody, initiated just before the onset of the RSV season confers some protection from severe RSV disease. Palivizumab is indicated for some infants under 2 years old with all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Palivizumab is for high-risk infants (B, C, D, E). Asthma (A) alone isn’t an indication, per AAP guidelines.