A 79-year-old patient is taking a diuretic for treatment of hypertension. This patient is very

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a 79-year-old patient taking a diuretic for hypertension, the nurse should know that extra precautions are necessary for preventing orthostatic hypotension and potential falls. Orthostatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure that occurs when standing up from a sitting or lying down position. This can lead to dizziness and an increased risk of falls, particularly in elderly individuals. Therefore, the teaching point about taking extra precautions when standing up is critical to emphasize for this patient to ensure their safety and well-being. Option A is the correct choice as it highlights the importance of this teaching point for the patient's care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumetanide, work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. This mechanism of action leads to a significant diuretic effect. Loop diuretics have a rapid onset of action, typically within 30 minutes of administration, and they cause rapid diuresis. This rapid onset and potent diuretic effect make loop diuretics effective in situations requiring rapid removal of excess fluid, such as heart failure exacerbation or acute pulmonary edema.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angioedema is a potentially serious side effect of ACE inhibitors. It involves swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and submucosal tissues and can affect areas such as the face, lips, tongue, throat, and extremities. One of the key signs of angioedema is difficulty breathing, or dyspnea. Other signs may include swelling, itching, and hives. It is crucial for nurses to monitor patients taking ACE inhibitors for any signs of angioedema as it can rapidly progress and lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent any serious complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature in a client receiving Pentamidine IV for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii is most likely an indication that the client has developed another infection. Pentamidine is an antiparasitic medication used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. An increase in temperature could be a sign of a new or worsening infection, especially in patients who are already immunocompromised. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client closely for signs of infection and notify the healthcare provider if there are any concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is the drug used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist that rapidly binds to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules. By blocking the receptor sites, naloxone can quickly reverse the effects of opioids, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and potential coma. Naloxone is a critical medication in opioid overdose situations as it can restore normal breathing and save a person's life. It is often available in the form of a nasal spray or injection for emergency use. It is essential for first responders, healthcare professionals, and individuals at risk of opioid overdose to have access to naloxone as part of overdose prevention and harm reduction strategies.