A 78-year-old woman with a long history of chronic open-angle glaucoma has failed numerous treatments with oral and topical agents. She has begun on a treatment regimen with an ophthalmic solution of echothiophate. Which of the following effects must the treating physician be aware of?

A 78-year-old woman with a long history of chronic open-angle glaucoma has failed numerous treatments with oral and topical agents. She has begun on a treatment regimen with an ophthalmic solution of echothiophate. Which of the following effects must the treating physician be aware of?

A 39-year-old man with chronic back pain from a spinal cord injury has a pain medication pump placed in his body. Unfortunately, meperidine was placed in the pump instead of the usual medication—morphine. Which of the following effects is possible as a result of this mistake?

A 31-year-old woman presents to the clinic for follow-up of her abdominal pain. The pain has been occurring for a couple of years but has worsened recently. She is often constipated and then will have periods of diarrhea. Her pain does usually improve after a bowel movement. After multiple negative tests, the diagnosis of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is made. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for this patient?

A 48-year-old woman with a history of chronic migraine headaches has failed therapy with conservative measures and ibuprofen. Her primary care physician begins treatment with ergotamine. Important adverse reactions to be aware of include which of the following?

An 18-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by a friend after smoking crack cocaine because he was 'acting funny.' His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), pulse is 110 beats/minute, and he appears agitated. What is the action of cocaine on sympathetic nerves?