A 77-year-old man who has been diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a patient reports a drug allergy, it is essential for the nurse to gather specific information about the nature of the reaction. Asking, 'What type of reaction did you have when you took penicillin?' allows the nurse to determine whether the reaction was a true allergy (e.g., anaphylaxis) or a side effect (e.g., gastrointestinal upset). This information is critical for guiding treatment decisions and avoiding potentially life-threatening situations. Dismissing the allergy or making assumptions about its relevance based on the patient's age is inappropriate and could compromise patient safety. Therefore, the nurse's priority is to assess the details of the allergic reaction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best response among the options provided is "This timeframe correlates better with the natural diurnal rhythm of cholesterol production." Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme responsible for cholesterol production in the liver. Cholesterol synthesis follows a diurnal rhythm, with higher levels produced at night. Therefore, taking a statin medication in the evening aligns with the body's natural pattern of cholesterol synthesis, optimizing the drug's effectiveness. This explanation helps the patient understand the rationale behind the timing of taking the medication and promotes better adherence to the prescribed regimen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dobutamine's pharmacodynamic effects closely match its short half-life, as it is rapidly metabolized and its action declines quickly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When using Nitroglycerine transdermal patches, it is recommended to have a nitrate-free period of at least 10-12 hours each day to prevent the development of tolerance to the medication. Continuous exposure to nitrates can lead to a decrease in efficacy over time. By having a nitrate-free interval each day, the body has a chance to "reset" and maintain the effectiveness of the medication for angina control. It is crucial to follow this dosing schedule as directed by a healthcare provider to ensure optimal benefits and reduce the risk of tolerance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ginkgo is the herbal product to avoid because it can interact with anticoagulant therapy and increase the risk of bleeding. Ginkgo has blood-thinning properties, which can further potentiate the anticoagulant effects of medications like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding complications. It's essential for patients on anticoagulant therapy to avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent adverse effects and ensure the effectiveness of their prescribed medication.