A 77-year-old male client is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration and change in mental status. He's being hydrated with L.V. fluids. When the nurse takes his vital signs, she notes he has a fever of 103°F (39.4°C) a cough producing yellow sputum and pleuritic chest pain. The nurse suspects this client may have which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. Given the client's symptoms of fever, cough with yellow sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and dehydration, pneumonia is the most likely diagnosis. Fever, productive cough, and chest pain are common symptoms of pneumonia. The presence of pleuritic chest pain indicates an inflammation of the pleura, which is a common feature of pneumonia. Dehydration can also contribute to the development of pneumonia. ARDS (choice A) typically presents with acute respiratory distress and is not supported by the client's symptoms. MI (choice B) presents with chest pain but typically not associated with fever, cough, or sputum production. Tuberculosis (choice D) can present with cough and sputum production but is less likely given the client's age and acute presentation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland. It is primarily used as a screening test for prostate cancer. Elevated levels of PSA can indicate prostate cancer, although further testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Choice B is incorrect because there is no such thing as "protein serum antigen." Choice C is incorrect because pneumococcal strep antigen is not related to PSA or prostate cancer. Choice D is incorrect because Papanicolaou-specific antigen is not a valid term and is not used for screening cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To determine the ml/hr rate, divide the total units in the bag by the ordered rate in units/hour. 25,000 units ÷ 1,500 units/hour = 16.67 ml/hour. This rounds to 17 ml/hour, which is closest to choice B (30 ml/hour). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not the closest to the calculated rate of 17 ml/hour.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Hyperkalemia) Rationale: In acute addisonian crisis, the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate cortisol and aldosterone, leading to decreased sodium and increased potassium levels. Hyperkalemia is a common finding due to aldosterone deficiency causing impaired potassium excretion. The elevated potassium levels can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Summary: B: Reduced BUN - Not typically associated with acute addisonian crisis. C: Hypernatremia - Uncommon in addisonian crisis due to aldosterone deficiency. D: Hyperglycemia - Can occur in addisonian crisis but is not as specific as hyperkalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When a patient has AIDS, it is crucial to avoid sharing personal items like toothbrushes and razors to prevent the transmission of infections. This is because these items can potentially transfer blood or bodily fluids, increasing the risk of spreading infections or diseases. By instructing the patient to avoid sharing such articles, the nurse is promoting infection control and protecting both the patient and others from potential harm. Choice A is incorrect because wearing disposable gloves before bathing is unnecessary unless there are open wounds or skin lesions that need to be protected. Choice B is incorrect as sterilizing plates and utensils in boiling water is not a necessary precaution for someone with AIDS. Choice D is incorrect as avoiding eating foods from shared serving dishes is not as critical as avoiding sharing personal items that have direct contact with bodily fluids.