ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorder Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 76-year-old man tells the nurse at the sleep disorder clinic, I awaken almost nightly in the midst of violent dreams in which I am defending myself against multiple attackers. Then I realize I have been hitting and kicking my wife. She has bruises. Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder is characterized by vivid, violent dreams during REM sleep leading to physical movements or behaviors, such as hitting or kicking. In this case, the man's description of defending himself against attackers and then realizing he has been hitting his wife aligns with the symptoms of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder typically occurs in older adults and can result in harm to the individual or their sleep partner. - A: Sleep paralysis involves the inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking up, not violent behaviors. - B: Night terror disorder involves sudden awakenings with intense fear or terror, not typically involving physical harm to others. - C: Sleep-related bruxism is the grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, not associated with violent dreams or behaviors.
Question 2 of 5
Which neurotransmitters are most responsible for wakefulness? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine plays a crucial role in regulating wakefulness by promoting alertness and arousal. It is released in response to stress or excitement, helping to keep the brain awake and focused. GABA (A) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleep. Acetylcholine (C) is involved in various cognitive functions but not specifically wakefulness. Dopamine (D) is more associated with motivation and reward processing rather than wakefulness. In summary, norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for wakefulness due to its role in promoting alertness and arousal.
Question 3 of 5
A 15-year-old ran away from home six times and was arrested for shoplifting. The parents told the Court, 'We can't manage our teenager.' The adolescent is physically abusive to the mother and defiant with the father. Which diagnosis is supported by this adolescent's behavior?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Conduct Disorder (CD). The given scenario describes a pattern of persistent behavior that violates the rights of others and societal norms, such as running away, shoplifting, and being physically abusive. CD is characterized by aggression, rule-breaking, and disregard for others' feelings and rights. This diagnosis aligns with the adolescent's behavior of being defiant and physically abusive towards the parents. ADHD (A) primarily involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are not the primary features displayed in this case. PTSD (B) results from exposure to traumatic events, which are not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (C) involves recurrent behavioral outbursts, often involving aggression, that are out of proportion to the situation, which does not fully capture the range of behaviors exhibited by the adolescent in this case.
Question 4 of 5
A 12-year-old has engaged in bullying for several years. The parents say, 'We can't believe anything our child says.' Recently this child shot a dog with a pellet gun and set fire to a neighbor's trash bin. The child's behaviors support the diagnosis of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is D: Conduct Disorder (CD). This diagnosis is supported by the persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child, such as bullying, animal cruelty, and property destruction. These behaviors are characteristic of CD, which involves violating the rights of others and societal norms. ADHD (A) primarily involves symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, not deliberate acts of aggression. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (B) is characterized by sudden episodes of aggressive outbursts, which do not fully capture the chronic and intentional nature of the child's behavior. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (C) involves defiance and hostility towards authority figures but does not fully encompass the severity and range of antisocial behaviors exhibited by the child.
Question 5 of 5
Shortly after the parents announced that they were divorcing, a 15-year-old became truant from school and assaulted a friend. The adolescent told the school nurse, 'I'd rather stay in my room and listen to music. It's easier than thinking about what is happening in my family.' Which nursing diagnosis is most applicable?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Defensive coping related to adjustment to changes in family relationships. The adolescent's behavior of truancy and aggression towards a friend indicates they are using defensive coping mechanisms to avoid dealing with the stress of their parents' divorce. This diagnosis focuses on the maladaptive coping strategies being used by the individual. A: Chronic low self-esteem is not the most applicable diagnosis in this case as the behavior described is more indicative of avoidance and coping mechanisms rather than self-esteem issues. B: Decisional conflict related to compliance with school requirements does not address the underlying emotional distress the adolescent is experiencing due to the family situation. D: Disturbed personal identity related to self-perceptions of changing family dynamics is not the most appropriate diagnosis as it does not directly address the defensive coping mechanisms being used by the adolescent in response to the family changes.