A 75-year-old woman who has a history of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease has been trying to remove a corn on the bottom of her foot with a pair of scissors. The nurse will encourage her to stop trying to remove the corn with scissors because:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The woman's history of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease puts her at increased risk for infection and lesions when trying to remove the corn with scissors. Diabetes can impair wound healing and increase the risk of infection. Peripheral vascular disease can lead to poor circulation, further complicating wound healing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific risks associated with the woman's chronic conditions. Choice B is incorrect as diabetes often causes poor circulation, not increased circulation. Choice C is incorrect as age and visual impairment are not the primary reasons for discouraging the use of scissors. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on range of motion rather than the specific risks related to diabetes and peripheral vascular disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Labyrinth. The labyrinth is a structure in the inner ear that contains the vestibular system responsible for balance and spatial orientation. The sensation of spinning or vertigo is related to disturbances in the labyrinth. CN VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve, carries information from the labyrinth to the brain. The cochlea (A) is responsible for hearing, not balance. The Organ of Corti (C) is a structure within the cochlea involved in hearing, not balance. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the sensation of spinning experienced by the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the presence of a crusty nodule that intermittently bleeds, does not heal, and has an ulcerated crusted appearance with an indurated base raises suspicion for potential carcinoma. This presentation is concerning for skin cancer, specifically a squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma. Therefore, the patient should be referred for a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a benign sebaceous cyst (A) typically presents as a painless, mobile, smooth nodule, a keloid (B) is characterized by an overgrowth of scar tissue and is not associated with the described symptoms, and a tophus (D) is a deposit of uric acid crystals seen in gout, which would present differently than the described ulcerated crusted nodule.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tonsils that are 3+/1-4+ with large white spots are indicative of exudative tonsillitis, which commonly occurs in acute bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis. Here's the rationale: 1. Tonsils 3+ indicate significant enlargement, more than the normal size. 2. 1-4+ refers to the extent of the white spots or exudate present on the tonsils. 3. Large white spots suggest a substantial amount of exudate, commonly seen in bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis. Therefore, the presentation of enlarged tonsils with large white spots aligns with an acute bacterial infection. Other choices are incorrect: A: Tonsils are not significantly enlarged nor do they have white spots. B: While there is white debris, it is not extensive as indicated by the 1-4+ scale. D: Pale coloring does not indicate an

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The spinous process of C7. The vertebra prominens is the most prominent vertebra at the base of the neck, which is C7. This is because the spinous process of C7 is longer and more palpable than other cervical vertebrae. Rationales for the incorrect choices: B: Usually nonpalpable in most individuals - This is incorrect as the vertebra prominens (C7) is usually palpable due to its prominent spinous process. C: Opposite the interior border of the scapula - This is incorrect as the vertebra prominens is located at the base of the neck, not opposite the scapula. D: Located next to the manubrium of the sternum - This is incorrect as the vertebra prominens is located higher up in the neck than the manubrium of the sternum.