ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the unit with angina. He was started on nadolol (Corgard). The patient asks why he is taking this medication because he does not have high blood pressure. What is the nurse’s best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased heart rate, contractility, and excitability, as well as a membrane-stabilizing effect, lead to a decrease in arrhythmias, a decreased cardiac workload, and decreased oxygen consumption. The juxtaglomerular cells are not stimulated to release renin, which further decreases the blood pressure. These effects are useful in treating hypertension and chronic angina and can help to prevent reinfarction after a myocardial infarction by decreasing cardiac workload and oxygen consumption. Corgard will not prevent blood pressure problems, arrhythmias, or glaucoma in the future. Corgard is not used to treat BPH.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been on TPN for 1 month, and there is an order to discontinue TPN tomorrow. The nurse contacts the health care provider because sudden interruption of TPN therapy may cause which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Hypoglycemia. When a patient has been on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) for an extended period and it is suddenly discontinued, there is a risk of hypoglycemia due to the abrupt cessation of the continuous glucose infusion provided by the TPN. TPN provides essential nutrients, including glucose, directly into the bloodstream, maintaining the patient's blood glucose levels. Therefore, stopping TPN abruptly can lead to a rapid drop in blood glucose levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. Option A) Dehydration is incorrect because TPN provides both fluids and nutrients, so discontinuing it would not directly lead to dehydration. Option B) Tremors is incorrect because sudden discontinuation of TPN is not typically associated with tremors. Option C) Urinary retention is incorrect as it is not a direct consequence of stopping TPN therapy abruptly and is more related to issues with the urinary system rather than TPN therapy. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the potential complications of discontinuing TPN abruptly to ensure patient safety. Monitoring and managing blood glucose levels carefully during and after TPN therapy are essential to prevent hypoglycemia in these patients. This question highlights the importance of gradual tapering or transition to alternative nutrition support to prevent adverse effects when discontinuing TPN.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is admitted to the hospital with an acute gout attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be ordered to treat acute gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Colchicine is the medication of choice for treating acute gout attacks due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It works by inhibiting microtubule polymerization, which reduces the migration of neutrophils to the inflamed joint, thereby alleviating pain and swelling. Allopurinol and probenecid are used for long-term management of gout to prevent future attacks by lowering uric acid levels, but they are not effective during an acute attack. Sulfinpyrazone is another uricosuric agent used for chronic management. Therefore, colchicine is the most appropriate medication for acute gout treatment, and nurses should be familiar with its use and monitoring.
Question 4 of 5
Epinephrine is administered to a female patient. The nurse should expect this agent to rapidly affect:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epinephrine is a potent agonist of adrenergic receptors, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. It rapidly affects alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and bronchodilation. Muscarinic and cholinergic receptors are part of the parasympathetic nervous system and are not directly activated by epinephrine. Nicotinic receptors are found in the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia but are not the primary target of epinephrine. The rapid action of epinephrine makes it a critical drug in emergencies such as anaphylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
A client with osteoporosis is asking the nurse regarding the use of Salmon calcitonin (Miacalcin) nasal spray. The nurse tells the client to do the following, except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repeating the dose if the spray is not felt is incorrect and can lead to overdose. The delivery system is designed for 30 doses, and unused solution should be discarded. Miacalcin is typically administered as one spray daily in one nostril. Vitamin D supplementation may be recommended to support bone health, but it is not a direct instruction for using Miacalcin.