ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 74-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation presents to the emergency department after bowel movement with bright red blood. Her blood pressure is 88/56 mm Hg with a pulse of 118 beats/minute. She is on warfarin for anticoagulation and a stat INR is 7.2. The decision is made to start transfusing blood. What is the most appropriate treatment to reverse the warfarin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin overdose (INR 7.2, bleeding) needs reversal. Vitamin K -restores clotting factors long-term. Fresh frozen plasma acts faster but isn't sole therapy. Platelets don't reverse. Protamine is for heparin. Whole blood (E) isn't specific. Vitamin K is standard.
Question 2 of 5
A client calls the nurse help-line and says, 'My friend and I have been swimming and drinking beer all day and he took a couple of swigs of Robitussin DM (dextromethorphan) about 15 minutes ago. Now he is acting funny and seeing things.' What should the nurse consider when formulating a response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dextromethorphan (DM), a cough suppressant, can cause dizziness, hallucinations, and confusion, especially with alcohol, which amplifies CNS depression . Dialysis isn't standard for DM overdose; it's not an opioid , though it acts centrally; and addiction isn't the acute issue. The nurse considers dizziness as a key adverse effect, worsened by beer, guiding a response to seek medical help.
Question 3 of 5
An infection in a central venous access device is not eliminated by giving antibiotics through the catheter. How would bacterial glycocalyx contribute to this?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The bacterial glycocalyx is a sticky, gelatinous substance that surrounds the bacterial cell wall. It helps protect the bacteria from antibiotic and immunologic destruction by forming a barrier that prevents antibiotics and immune cells from effectively reaching and eliminating the bacterial infection. This protection allows the bacteria to persist and cause persistent infections, even when antibiotics are administered through the catheter.
Question 4 of 5
Prescription only medicines are included in :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescription-only medicines are included in Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. Schedule IV controlled substances have a lower potential for abuse compared to drugs in Schedules I, II, and III. These prescription medications still require a prescription from a healthcare provider, but they have a lower potential for abuse and addiction, which allows them to be categorized in Schedule IV. Examples of Schedule IV substances include certain tranquilizers and sedatives like Xanax and Valium.
Question 5 of 5
A male patient with blood type AB, Rh factor positive needs a blood transfusion. The Transfusion Service (blood bank) sends type O, Rh factor negative blood to the unit for the nurse to infuse into this patient. The nurse knows that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type O, Rh-negative blood is considered the universal donor blood and is compatible with all blood types, including AB-positive. This makes it a safe choice in emergencies or when the patient's blood type is unknown. Premedication with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen is not necessary for compatibility but may be used to prevent allergic reactions or fever. Therefore, the nurse can confidently administer this blood product.