A 74-year-old professional golfer has chest pain that occurs toward the end of his golfing games. He says the pain usually goes away after one or two sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and rest. What type of angina is he experiencing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The 74-year-old professional golfer is likely experiencing Prinzmetal™s angina. This type of angina, also known as variant angina, typically occurs at rest and is due to coronary artery spasm, rather than the typical obstruction of blood flow seen in classic angina. The chest pain in Prinzmetal™s angina is often relieved by medications that dilate the blood vessels, such as nitroglycerin, as described by the patient. This distinguishes it from classic angina, which is typically triggered by exertion or emotional stress. Unstable angina, on the other hand, is characterized by chest pain that occurs unpredictably, even at rest and may signal an impending heart attack.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, option A, "You need to have your blood pressure checked once a week and keep track of the readings," is correct. This statement emphasizes the importance of monitoring blood pressure regularly to assess the effectiveness of the medication and ensure optimal control of hypertension. Option B, "If you notice that the symptoms have gone away, you should be able to stop taking the drug," is incorrect. Stopping antihypertensive medication abruptly can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure, posing serious health risks. It is crucial to emphasize to patients that they should never discontinue their medication without consulting their healthcare provider. Option C, "An exercise program may be helpful in treating hypertension, but let's check with your doctor first," is partially correct. While exercise is beneficial for managing hypertension, patients should consult their healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen to ensure it is safe and appropriate for their individual health status. Option D, "If you experience severe side effects, stop the medicine and let us know at your next office visit," is also incorrect. Severe side effects should prompt immediate medical attention, and patients should be advised to contact their healthcare provider or seek emergency care if they experience any unexpected or concerning symptoms while taking antihypertensive medication. Educationally, it is important to stress the significance of medication adherence, regular blood pressure monitoring, and open communication with healthcare providers when educating patients about antihypertensive therapy. Empowering patients with accurate information and clear instructions can improve treatment outcomes and promote patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is, "It™s important to try to stay on your prescribed medication. Try to take it with sips of water." It is important to continue taking diuretic therapy as prescribed, even if the patient has been vomiting. Taking the medication with small sips of water can help ensure hydration and absorption of the medication. Discontinuing the diuretic abruptly can lead to fluid retention and exacerbation of the patient's condition. It's best to ensure proper hydration and medication adherence while also seeking proper medical advice if needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It works by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioids and temporarily reversing their effects. Naloxone is commonly administered in emergency situations to quickly restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on opioids. Aspirin (choice A) and Advil (choice B) are non-opioid pain relievers and do not reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. Ondansetron (choice D) is an anti-nausea medication and does not counteract the respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct teaching for a patient taking oral nitrofurantoin is to rinse the mouth after taking the medication to avoid staining the teeth. Nitrofurantoin can cause a harmless but noticeable side effect of staining the teeth, so it is important for the patient to rinse their mouth thoroughly after each dose to reduce the risk of this happening. The other options provided are not accurate teachings related to nitrofurantoin.