A 74-year-old professional golfer has chest pain that occurs toward the end of his golfing games. He says the pain usually goes away after 1 or 2 sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and rest. What type of angina is he experiencing?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Classic angina. This type of angina is characterized by chest pain occurring predictably with exertion and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. In this case, the golfer experiences pain at the end of games, consistent with exertional angina. Variant angina (B) occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasm. Unstable angina (C) is characterized by chest pain at rest that is new or changing in pattern. Prinzmetal's angina (D) is also due to coronary artery spasm but typically occurs at rest and is not necessarily related to exertion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because monitoring for hypotension during iron sucrose infusion is crucial due to the risk of anaphylactic reactions. Hypotension is a common early sign of an allergic reaction. Choices A and B are incorrect as iron sucrose is typically given on an empty stomach and is safe for patients with renal disease. Choice C is incorrect as a test dose is not usually required for iron sucrose administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs interact with the body to produce their effects, focusing on mechanisms of drug action. This includes drug-receptor interactions, signal transduction pathways, and physiological responses. Biotransformation (choice B), distribution (choice C), and excretion (choice D) are aspects of pharmacokinetics, not pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics deals with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the study of pharmacodynamics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ultracaine. Ultracaine is a thiophene derivative because it contains a thiophene ring in its chemical structure. Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing sulfur. Procaine (A) is an ester local anesthetic, Lidocaine (C) is an amide local anesthetic, and Mepivacaine (D) is an amide local anesthetic. Therefore, they do not belong to the thiophene derivative class. Ultracaine is the only option that fits the description of being a thiophene derivative.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edrophonium. Edrophonium is an indirect-acting cholinomimetic agent because it works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme, leading to an increase in acetylcholine levels at the synaptic cleft. This results in enhanced cholinergic transmission. On the other hand, choices A, C, and D are direct-acting cholinomimetics. Lobeline (A) acts as a nicotinic receptor agonist, Pilocarpine (C) is a muscarinic receptor agonist, and Carbachol (D) is a non-selective cholinomimetic that directly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors without affecting acetylcholinesterase. Therefore, Edrophonium is the only indirect-acting cholinomimetic among the provided options.