A 74-year-old professional golfer has chest pain that occurs toward the end of his golfing games. He says the pain usually goes away after one or two sublingual nitroglycerin tablets and rest. What type of angina is he experiencing?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The 74-year-old professional golfer is likely experiencing Prinzmetal™s angina, also known as variant angina. This type of angina is characterized by episodes of chest pain that occur at rest or during minimal physical exertion. It is caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries, leading to a temporary reduction or cessation of blood flow to the heart muscle. The chest pain associated with Prinzmetal™s angina can be severe and is often relieved by sublingual nitroglycerin, as described by the golfer. Additionally, the fact that the pain occurs towards the end of his golfing games suggests that it may be triggered by stress or exertion, common triggers for coronary artery spasm in Prinzmetal's angina.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct dosing regimen for Morphine typically ranges from 2-5 mg every 3-4 hours as needed for pain. This dosing schedule allows for effective management of pain while monitoring for potential side effects and adjusting the dosage according to the patient's response. Options B, C, and D have dosing regimens that are not within the typical range for Morphine administration and could lead to inappropriate dosing and potential harm to the patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glargine insulin, commonly known by the brand name Lantus, is a long-acting type of insulin. It is designed to provide a steady level of insulin over an extended period, usually lasting up to 24 hours. This type of insulin is often used as a basal insulin to help control blood sugar levels between meals and overnight. In contrast, Lispro (Humalog) is a rapid-acting insulin used to manage blood sugar spikes after meals, NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin, and Regular insulin (Humulin R) is a short-acting insulin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication commonly used to treat bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Albuterol can be given in various forms, including extended-release tablets for oral use, inhalation solutions for nebulization, and oral syrups. However, albuterol is not typically administered intravenously because it can cause severe cardiovascular side effects, such as tachycardia and arrhythmias, when given directly into the bloodstream. For this reason, intravenous administration of albuterol is contraindicated in most cases and is not a common route of administration for this medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain) and heart failure. Its primary action is to dilate the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. By dilating these arteries, nitroglycerin helps to increase blood flow to the heart and reduce the workload on the heart muscle, thereby relieving chest pain and improving overall heart function. This vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin also helps in reducing blood pressure and increasing oxygen supply to the heart. Therefore, the correct action of nitroglycerin is to dilate the coronary arteries.