A 72-year-old man tells the nurse that he cannot perform most of the physical activities he could do 5 years ago because of overall joint aches and pains. What can the nurse do to assist the patient to prevent further deconditioning and decrease the risk for developing musculoskeletal problems?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Discuss use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications to decrease inflammation and pain so that exercise can be maintained. Rationale: - OTC medications can help manage pain and inflammation, allowing the patient to continue exercising and prevent deconditioning. - A) Limiting weight-bearing exercise is not recommended as it can lead to further deconditioning and increase the risk of musculoskeletal problems. - B) Advising against the use of canes and walkers can compromise the patient's safety and independence, leading to increased risk of falls and injuries. - C) Increasing activity by climbing stairs may exacerbate joint pain and worsen the patient's condition rather than preventing deconditioning. Educational context: Encouraging the appropriate use of OTC medications can help patients manage pain effectively, maintain their mobility, and prevent further decline in physical function. It is essential for nurses to educate patients on safe and effective strategies to manage musculoskeletal issues while promoting overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of teaching a patient with a seizure disorder about their medication regimen, emphasizing the importance of not stopping the medication abruptly (Option C) is crucial. This is because suddenly discontinuing antiseizure medications can lead to withdrawal symptoms, increased seizure intensity, and a higher frequency of seizures. Educating patients about the potential risks of abrupt cessation empowers them to adhere to their prescribed treatment plan. Option A is incorrect because adjusting medication dosage without medical advice can be dangerous and should not be done based solely on stress levels. Option B is incorrect because not all over-the-counter and prescription drugs are safe to take with antiseizure medications as they can interact and affect the effectiveness of the antiseizure drugs. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to ensure that patients understand the significance of medication adherence in managing chronic conditions like seizure disorders. Providing clear and accurate information about the risks of non-adherence can help patients make informed decisions regarding their health and treatment plan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question regarding the distressing problem experienced by a patient with ALS being the retention of cognitive function with total degeneration of motor function (Option B) is due to the nature of ALS, also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to the loss of voluntary muscle control. In ALS, the cognitive function of the patient remains intact while the motor function deteriorates over time. This creates a distressing situation for the patient as they are fully aware of their physical decline and loss of independence, which can be emotionally challenging and frustrating. Option A, painful spasticity of the face and extremities, is not the most distressing problem in ALS, as pain is a symptom that can be managed with medications and therapies. Option C, uncontrollable writhing and twisting movements of the face and limbs, is more characteristic of conditions like Huntington's disease, not ALS. Educationally, understanding the specific challenges and symptoms associated with ALS is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and support for patients with this condition. Recognizing the unique emotional and physical struggles faced by ALS patients can guide healthcare professionals in developing comprehensive care plans to improve the quality of life for these individuals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The caregiver is manifesting symptoms of caregiver role strain. This is the correct answer because caregiver role strain refers to the physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion experienced by caregivers due to the demands of caregiving. Recognizing caregiver role strain is crucial as it can impact both the caregiver's well-being and their ability to effectively care for the patient. Option A is incorrect because developing signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the caregiver is not indicated in the question and is not a typical assessment finding related to caregiver stress. Option C is incorrect as it simply suggests a need for a break without specifically addressing the caregiver's stress and role strain. Option D is incorrect because while involving other family members in the patient's care may be beneficial, it does not address the caregiver's current state of caregiver role strain. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to be able to recognize and assess caregiver role strain as part of holistic patient care. By identifying caregiver stress, nurses can provide support and resources to help caregivers cope with the challenges of caregiving and maintain their own well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the presence of compartment syndrome, the correct surgical treatment that the nurse should prepare the patient for is option A) Fasciotomy. Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when increased pressure within a muscle compartment compromises blood flow and can lead to tissue damage and necrosis. A fasciotomy involves making an incision through the fascia to relieve the pressure within the compartment, allowing for improved blood flow and preventing further tissue damage. Option B) Amputation is not the primary surgical treatment for compartment syndrome. Amputation is usually considered as a last resort when tissue damage is extensive and irreversible. Option C) Internal fixation is a surgical procedure used to stabilize fractured bones with hardware such as screws, plates, or rods. While internal fixation may be needed for fractures, it is not the primary treatment for compartment syndrome. Option D) Release of tendons is not the appropriate surgical treatment for compartment syndrome. Tendons are not the primary issue in compartment syndrome; it is the increased pressure within the muscle compartment that needs to be addressed. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate interventions for compartment syndrome is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in acute care settings. Prompt recognition of compartment syndrome and knowledge of the appropriate interventions are essential to prevent further tissue damage and preserve limb function. This question reinforces the importance of surgical interventions in managing compartment syndrome and highlights the critical role of nurses in preparing patients for such procedures to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.