ATI RN
Immune System Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 72-year-old male patient has arrived at the outpatient unit to receive an infusion of alemtuzumab (Compath). The patient tells the nurse this is the second time his chronic lymphocytic leukemia has relapsed and the second time he will receive this drug because he failed alemtuzumab therapy after being treated with an alkylating agent. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calling the physician and questioning the order. This is the priority action because the patient's history of relapse and prior failure of alemtuzumab therapy after receiving an alkylating agent raises concerns about potential drug interactions, contraindications, or other issues that need to be clarified with the physician before proceeding with the infusion. It is crucial to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness of the treatment by confirming the appropriateness of the order. Summary of other choices: B: Washing your hands - While hand hygiene is important, it is not the priority in this situation. C: Beginning an intravenous infusion - Starting the infusion without clarifying the order and potential issues first could be harmful to the patient. D: Canceling the infusion - While canceling the infusion may be necessary depending on the physician's response, it is not the initial action to take without consulting the physician first.
Question 2 of 5
The patient underwent an allograft renal transplant 48 hours earlier and is showing signs of rejection. What drug would the nurse expect the physician to order?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muromonab. Muromonab is a monoclonal antibody that targets T-lymphocytes and is used to treat acute rejection in organ transplant patients. It works by suppressing the immune response against the transplanted organ. In this case, the patient showing signs of rejection after an allograft renal transplant would benefit from Muromonab to prevent further rejection. Other choices are incorrect: B: Anakinra is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not for transplant rejection. C: Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressant that prevents organ rejection by inhibiting T and B cell proliferation, but it is not typically used for acute rejection. D: Sirolimus is an mTOR inhibitor used for maintenance immunosuppression, not for acute rejection treatment.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child requiring cyclosporine to prevent rejection. Cyclosporine is given to adults using a dosage of 15 mg/kg. The nurse calculates the child's dosage is 20 mg/kg. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Calculate correct pediatric dose: Child's weight x 20 mg/kg = X mg 2. Compare X mg to ordered dose: If X mg is within safe range, administer the drug. 3. Administering the drug is crucial for preventing rejection. 4. Holding the dose without confirmation may delay treatment. Summary: - Choice B: Questioning the provider should be done after administering the drug. - Choice C: Incident report is needed only if the incorrect dose has been given. - Choice D: Notifying the supervisor is not necessary if the correct dose is administered.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult woman taking immune modulating medications who has been advised to use barrier contraceptives but she wants to start her family. What information can the nurse provide about these drugs to help this patient with her decision-making?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it encourages open communication between the patient, nurse, and provider to ensure the best possible outcome for both the patient's health and desire to start a family. By discussing the desire to start a family with the provider, the risks associated with immune modulating medications can be assessed, and appropriate steps can be taken to minimize these risks. This approach allows for personalized care and decision-making based on the individual's specific situation. Choice B is incorrect because discontinuing immune modulating drugs without proper guidance can have negative consequences for the patient's health. Choice C is incorrect because while some immune modulating drugs may have teratogenic effects, not all drugs in this class are equally harmful. Choice D is incorrect as it presents a limited view that pregnancy is not an option without considering individual circumstances and medical advice.
Question 5 of 5
During routine prenatal testing, a patient is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To help prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the fetus, what is the nurse's best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide written and oral education about the use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. This is the best action because antiretroviral therapy has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. By educating the patient about the importance and benefits of adhering to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, the nurse can help protect the fetus from contracting HIV. A: Providing contact information for an AIDS support group may be helpful, but it does not directly address preventing perinatal transmission. B: Educating the patient about the risks is important, but it is crucial to also provide actionable steps like antiretroviral therapy. C: Notifying the CDC is not within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly benefit the patient in preventing perinatal transmission.