ATI RN
NCLEX questions on chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 71-year-old man with osteomyelitis is treated with aminoglycosides. Blood cultures are drawn and reveal resistance to this antibiotic class. What is the most likely reason for this to occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aminoglycoside resistance often occurs via plasmid-encoded acetyltransferases, which modify the drug, preventing it from binding to bacterial ribosomes.
Question 2 of 5
A 34-year-old man with a history of recurrent tuberculosis on a multidrug regimen, including isoniazid. He presents to his primary care physician complaining of paresthesias of his hands and feet. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isoniazid causes peripheral neuritis (neuropathy) by depleting vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), leading to paresthesias; supplementation with B6 can prevent this.
Question 3 of 5
A 33-year-old sexually active female with a history of recurrent vulvar Candida infections presents to her primary care physician for guidance. She has tried treatment with topical miconazole and also with nystatin powder. What is the likely clinical outcome given that she has been treated with both agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both miconazole and nystatin are effective topical antifungals for vulvar candidiasis with similar efficacy, so no significant difference in clinical outcome is expected.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized on the pediatric service with cough, runny nose, and chest pressure. Concern for respiratory syncytial virus is brought up by the treating physician. Treatment with zanamivir is undertaken. Which of the following underlying conditions can worsen bronchospasm in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Zanamivir, an inhaled antiviral, can cause bronchospasm, particularly in patients with asthma, worsening respiratory symptoms in RSV infection.
Question 5 of 5
A 52-year-old female presents with facial wrinkling that has not been satisfactorily treated with creams. She requests information on botulinum toxin A at an acquaintance’s recommendation. Botulinum toxin’s mechanism of action is most similar to which other bacterial toxin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Botulinum toxin and tetanospasmin (tetanus toxin) both inhibit neurotransmitter release by cleaving SNARE proteins, though botulinum acts at peripheral neurons and tetanus at central inhibitory neurons.