A 70-year-old patient with cardiovascular disease attends group classes on disease process, medications, exercise, nutrition, and stress management. To promote optimal and effective learning, the cardiac-vascular nurse uses which teaching strategy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Customizing teaching to the learner’s interests enhances engagement and relevance, optimizing learning for an older adult. A overwhelms, C is a tool not a strategy, and D contradicts primacy effect (key info first).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct anatomical nesting is heart (the organ), surrounded by the pericardial sac (its protective layers), within the mediastinum (central thoracic region), all enclosed in the thoracic cavity. The pleural space relates to the lungs, not the heart directly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Systole refers to the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. Ventricular filling and atrial relaxation occur during diastole, while atrial filling happens throughout the cycle but is not specific to systole.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulse pressure is systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure: 135 - 75 = 60 mmHg. This reflects the force of ventricular ejection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The ST segment is a plateau period that represents the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium and follows the QRS complex. Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave. The T wave represents ventricular repolarization. The initial impulse generated by the SA node precedes the P wave and is not seen on the ECG. (Source: Document, Pretest Answer 2, p. 76)