A 70- year-old has been rushed to the hospital due to bradycardia and palpitation. The physician suggested that a pacemaker be inserted to correct the symptoms. The patient voluntarily decides not to have the pacemaker Inserted. This is respected by the family. This is an example of what ethical principles

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence. In this scenario, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the decision is respected by the family further highlights the importance of autonomy in this situation. Respecting the patient's right to make choices regarding their own healthcare, even if it goes against medical advice, demonstrates a commitment to autonomy as an ethical principle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Osteoporosis is known as a "silent disease" because it develops slowly over time without any symptoms. Many people with osteoporosis are unaware of their condition until they experience a fracture. The loss of bone density and strength in osteoporosis occurs without any obvious warning signs, making it important for individuals at risk to undergo bone density testing to identify the condition early and prevent further bone loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is crucial to have a complete set of surgical instruments for any surgical procedure to ensure patient safety and the success of the surgery. If the nurse notices that the surgical instrument tray is incomplete, the best course of action is to inform the sterile processing department immediately. By doing so, the missing instruments can be promptly provided, ensuring that the surgical team has all the necessary tools for the procedure. Proceeding with the procedure using incomplete instruments can compromise patient safety and the quality of care provided. Documenting the missing instruments in the surgical count log is important for record-keeping purposes but should not delay the immediate action of requesting additional instruments. Borrowing instruments from another OR is not recommended as it can create confusion, potential cross-contamination, and disrupt the workflow of another surgical team.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option A indicates an understanding of the normal psychosocial development of preschoolers. It reflects the fact that during this stage, children may demonstrate frustration and have temper tantrums as they strive for independence and attempt to do things by themselves. This behavior is a common part of their development as they learn self-control, autonomy, and decision-making skills. The other options do not directly relate to normal preschooler development but rather touch upon separate issues such as separation anxiety, possessiveness, and social behaviors that are not necessarily abnormal for preschoolers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy, which is not directly related to population growth. On the other hand, fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental demographic variables that significantly influence population growth. Fertility refers to the ability of a population to produce offspring, mortality deals with death rates within a population, and migration involves the movement of individuals into or out of a particular area. These three variables play crucial roles in shaping the size and composition of a population over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The FIRST action of the nurse should be to reassess the client experiencing dyspnea despite continuous oxygen therapy. Reassessment would involve checking the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation levels, vital signs, and overall condition to gather more information about the situation. This will help the nurse identify any potential causes of the dyspnea and determine the appropriate next steps for intervention. Assessing the client before proceeding with any other actions is crucial in providing safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Total patient care model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care. In this model, the nurse is responsible for all aspects of care for a group of patients during their shift. It involves providing direct care, coordinating with other healthcare team members, and overseeing the patients' overall well-being. This approach emphasizes a comprehensive and holistic view of the patient's needs, where the nurse is actively involved in all aspects of care delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Uterine hyperstimulation, also known as tachysystole, is a condition characterized by frequent and intense uterine contractions with minimal rest intervals. This can lead to maternal fatigue and decreased fetal oxygenation due to the insufficient time for the uterus to relax and refill with oxygenated blood between contractions. Uterine hyperstimulation can be caused by various factors such as excessive use of uterotonics (oxytocin or prostaglandins), improper labor induction techniques, or maternal conditions like previous uterine surgery. It is essential for the nurse to assess for signs of uterine hyperstimulation and take appropriate interventions to prevent potential complications for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The appropriate management for a conscious patient experiencing a seizure is to follow these steps: