A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis is prescribed denosumab. Denosumab works by:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that works by inhibiting osteoclast activity, thereby reducing bone resorption. Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone tissue, so inhibiting their function helps to prevent bone loss in conditions like osteoporosis. Choices A and C are incorrect as denosumab does not directly increase bone formation or promote osteoblast activity. Choice D is also incorrect as denosumab does not affect calcium absorption in the intestines.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sumatriptan. Sumatriptan is a triptan medication that works by constricting blood vessels in the brain, reducing inflammation and pain associated with migraines. It specifically targets the serotonin receptors, which helps alleviate migraine symptoms. Aspirin (choice B) and Ibuprofen (choice D) are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that do not directly target blood vessels in the brain like Sumatriptan. Propranolol (choice C) is a beta-blocker used for migraine prevention, not for treating acute attacks by constricting blood vessels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. This reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Choice B (Stimulating beta-1 adrenergic receptors) is incorrect because nifedipine does not act on adrenergic receptors. Choice C (Blocking the action of angiotensin II) is incorrect as nifedipine does not target the renin-angiotensin system. Choice D (Inhibiting aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands) is incorrect as nifedipine does not directly affect aldosterone production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system, making it effective in treating conditions like asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Lorazepam, Omeprazole, and Diazepam are not corticosteroids and do not have anti-inflammatory properties. Lorazepam and Diazepam are benzodiazepines used for anxiety and seizures, while Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used for reducing stomach acid.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amiodarone is the correct answer as it is a potent antiarrhythmic medication that works by inhibiting potassium channels, prolonging action potential duration. This helps in controlling various types of arrhythmias effectively. Lidocaine (A) works by blocking sodium channels, not potassium channels. Atenolol (C) is a beta-blocker that affects adrenergic receptors, not potassium channels. Verapamil (D) is a calcium channel blocker, which does not target potassium channels. Therefore, B is the correct choice for treating arrhythmias by inhibiting potassium channels.