ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 70-year-old female with hypertension is prescribed losartan. Losartan works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking the action of angiotensin II at its receptor. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), which binds to angiotensin II receptors, preventing angiotensin II from exerting its effects such as vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. This action results in vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced workload on the heart. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as losartan does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increase sodium excretion in the kidneys, or block calcium channels in the blood vessels.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above). Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Fluvastatin are all examples of statins, a class of medications that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work by blocking the production of cholesterol in the liver, leading to decreased LDL (bad) cholesterol and increased HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Each of these medications has a slightly different potency and dosing regimen, but they all target the same enzyme and have similar mechanisms of action. Therefore, choosing all of the above as the correct answer is appropriate as they are all commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with chronic pain is prescribed gabapentin. Gabapentin works by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binding to calcium channels in the central nervous system. Gabapentin binds to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, reducing calcium influx and inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. This mechanism helps to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability and alleviate neuropathic pain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because gabapentin does not block sodium channels, inhibit serotonin reuptake, or increase dopamine levels.
Question 4 of 5
Which medication is primarily used to treat hyperlipidemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Simvastatin is a statin drug known to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. 2. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood, making statins the ideal treatment. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, not indicated for hyperlipidemia. 4. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for asthma, not hyperlipidemia. 5. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker for hypertension, not hyperlipidemia.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is using albuterol inhaler before exercise. What is the most likely reason for this use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of bronchospasm. Albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. Before exercise, albuterol can help prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm by opening up the airways and making breathing easier. Choice B, pain management, is incorrect as albuterol is not used for pain relief. Choice C, reduction of blood pressure, is incorrect as albuterol primarily targets the lungs, not the cardiovascular system. Choice D, treatment of COPD, is incorrect as while albuterol can be used in COPD management, using it specifically before exercise is more indicative of preventing bronchospasm in asthma.