A 7-year-old child with acute glomerulonephritis has gross hematuria and has been confined to bed. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for this child?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with acute glomerulonephritis experiencing gross hematuria and bed rest is to provide activities for the child on restricted activity. Although the child may feel well, it is essential to limit activity until hematuria resolves to prevent complications and promote recovery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a young child with suspected bacterial meningitis presenting with fever, irritability, and vomiting, the nurse should anticipate a decreased glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is because bacterial meningitis causes an inflammatory response in the central nervous system, leading to increased consumption of glucose by the infecting organisms and inflammatory cells. A decreased CSF glucose level is a hallmark finding in bacterial meningitis and indicates the presence of an infectious process. Option A: Decreased protein count is not the expected finding in bacterial meningitis. In fact, bacterial meningitis typically presents with an elevated protein count in the CSF due to the inflammatory response. Option B: Clear, straw-colored fluid is not indicative of bacterial meningitis. In meningitis, the CSF is typically cloudy due to the presence of increased white blood cells and protein. Option C: A positive for red blood cells (RBCs) is not a characteristic finding in bacterial meningitis. The presence of RBCs in the CSF may suggest a traumatic tap rather than an infectious process. Educationally, understanding the expected CSF findings in bacterial meningitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these key diagnostic indicators can help in prompt identification and treatment of this potentially life-threatening condition. Nurses must be knowledgeable about interpreting CSF results and understand the implications for patient care and management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In ataxic cerebral palsy, the characteristic features include hypotonia (low muscle tone) and muscle instability. These manifestations contribute to the infant's difficulty in achieving independent sitting. Hypertonia (increased muscle tone) and persistence of primitive reflexes, as mentioned in option B, are more commonly associated with other types of cerebral palsy. Tremors and exaggerated posturing (option C) are not typical features of ataxic CP. Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) and hypertonia (increased muscle tone) mentioned in option D are more commonly seen in other types of cerebral palsy, such as spastic CP.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because leaving a filled mop bucket on the floor poses a drowning hazard for a 10-month-old child. Water in the bucket can be a potential drowning risk if the child falls into it. Pan handles turned to the back of the stove prevent accidental spills or burns. Filling the bathtub before bringing the baby into the bathroom helps in preventing burns from hot water. Placing the child in a car seat in the middle of the back seat provides safety by minimizing the risk of injury during a car ride.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the ability to recognize clinical manifestations of common conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) is crucial for providing timely and effective care. For a preschool-age child with a UTI, the nurse should anticipate symptoms such as urgency, dysuria, and fever, which are indicative of lower urinary tract involvement in this age group. Option A is incorrect because headache, hematuria, and vertigo are not typical symptoms of a UTI in a preschool-age child. Option B is also incorrect as foul-smelling urine and elevated blood pressure are not commonly associated with UTIs in this population. Option D is incorrect as severe flank pain, nausea, and headache are more indicative of conditions like kidney stones rather than a UTI in preschool-age children. Educationally, understanding the age-specific clinical manifestations of UTIs in pediatric patients helps nurses differentiate between various conditions, prioritize care interventions, and promote positive outcomes through early detection and treatment. By choosing option C, the nurse demonstrates knowledge of age-appropriate UTI symptoms and can initiate appropriate interventions promptly to address the child's condition effectively.