ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 7-year-old child, a known case of chronic eczema, exposed to chickenpox 2 days ago. Of the following, the MOST appropriate action is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic eczema increases varicella severity; VZIG (B) within 96 hours post-exposure is recommended for immunocompromised or high-risk unvaccinated children, per AAP.
Question 2 of 5
A 16-year-old adolescent presented with history of acute pharyngitis; followed by thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and septic pulmonary embolism. Throat culture reveals Fusobacterium necrophorum. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lemierre syndrome (E) is pharyngitis with Fusobacterium necrophorum leading to jugular vein thrombosis and septic emboli, per infectious disease classics.
Question 3 of 5
A 16-month-old child presented with fever, poor feeding, and ear discomfort which interfere with normal sleep but you are an uncertain about the diagnosis of acute otitis media. Of the following, the first-line therapy of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uncertain AOM diagnosis in a 16-month-old warrants observation (A) for 48-72 hours if non-severe, per AAP guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old child presented with increased nasal secretions and low-grade fever for 1 week followed by paroxysmal coughing with post tussive emesis, the child was vaccinated with 1st 2 doses at one week and two month. Of the following, the MOST helpful diagnostic test for this condition is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PCR (D) is the most sensitive and rapid test for pertussis, especially in partially vaccinated children, per CDC.
Question 5 of 5
The MOST common etiologic agent in a 4-year-old child with pneumonia is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S. pneumoniae (D) is the top bacterial cause of pneumonia in preschoolers, per pediatric data.