ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 7-year-old boy presented with earache and aural discharge mainly in left side, he recently was diving in swimming pool; on examination he is afebrile with tenderness on movement of the pinna. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Otitis externa (B), or swimmer’s ear, fits earache, discharge, and pinna tenderness post-swimming, per clinical presentation.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-year-old child with surgically repaired cyanotic CHD with prosthetic valve presented with sudden attack of unexplained fever, malaise, and weight loss; on examination there are palpable spleen, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. Of the following, the MOST likely etiologic pathogen of this condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viridans streptococci (A) are the most common cause of subacute endocarditis with prosthetic valves, per IDSA.
Question 3 of 5
A 3-year-old child presented with high fever, diarrhea, and seizure; stool examination is foul smelling and positive for mucus, blood, and leukocytes. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shigellosis (B) fits fever, seizures, and bloody/mucoid diarrhea with leukocytes, per pediatric ID.
Question 4 of 5
Ali's mother is worried about her 10-month-old infant who is exposed to his sister with hepatitis A viral infection. Of the following, the BEST advice is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunoglobulin (C) within 14 days post-exposure prevents HAV in infants <1 year, per CDC, as vaccine (B) is less effective at this age.
Question 5 of 5
In general, 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI by 11 years of age, but approximately 75% of infants with bacteriuria are male in age group of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Males predominate (75%) in UTIs <3 months (A) due to uncircumcision risks, per epidemiology.