A 7-year-old boy exhibits separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal from activities after his parents' divorce. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most likely diagnosis for the 7-year-old boy exhibiting separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal after his parents' divorce is option D) Separation anxiety disorder. Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures, leading to distress or avoidance behaviors. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), option A, is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, rather than the specific anxiety and distress related to separation. Conduct disorder, option B, involves a pattern of violating the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules. The behaviors seen in the boy are more aligned with anxiety and distress rather than conduct issues. Major depressive disorder, option C, presents with a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities, which may be present in some cases after a significant life event like parental divorce but would not fully capture the anxiety and withdrawal behaviors seen in the boy. Educationally, understanding the differentiation between these disorders is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and provide appropriate care for children facing emotional challenges. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of separation anxiety disorder can lead to early intervention and support for the child during a difficult time, promoting their overall well-being and mental health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding immunotherapy is crucial for managing various allergic conditions in children. The correct answer is C) anaphylaxis to a wasp sting. Immunotherapy is not typically recommended for the treatment of anaphylaxis to insect stings as this condition requires immediate medical intervention like epinephrine administration and not just symptomatic relief. Option A) ragweed allergy is a common indication for immunotherapy as it helps desensitize the individual to the allergen, reducing symptoms over time. Option B) local reaction to a bee sting can also benefit from immunotherapy by reducing the severity of future reactions. Option D) house dust mite allergy is another condition where immunotherapy can provide symptomatic improvement by modulating the immune response to the allergen. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to grasp the appropriate indications for immunotherapy to effectively manage allergic conditions in children. Understanding the nuances of when to recommend or not recommend immunotherapy can significantly impact patient outcomes and quality of life. It is essential for nurses to stay updated on evidence-based practices in managing pediatric allergies to provide optimal care to their young patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Keeping household humidity to less than 50% because maintaining low humidity levels helps to minimize the growth of house dust mites, a common trigger for allergies in children. House dust mites thrive in humid environments, so reducing humidity can help decrease their presence in the home. This is a key strategy in managing allergies in pediatric patients. Option A) Maximizing time spent in a single room such as the bedroom is incorrect because it does not address the root cause of the allergy, which is the presence of house dust mites throughout the home. Option B) Washing bedding weekly in cold water can help reduce dust mites, but it is not as effective as controlling humidity levels in the home. Option C) Installing new carpet can actually worsen allergies as carpets can harbor dust mites and other allergens, increasing exposure for the child. Educationally, it's important for pediatric nurses to understand the environmental factors that can exacerbate allergies in children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to families on how to minimize allergens in the home. By knowing the correct strategies to manage allergies, nurses can better support pediatric patients and their families in improving their quality of life and reducing allergy symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the appropriate treatment options for various conditions. In the case of a patient with a condition that requires antihistamine treatment, the correct option is A) Oral antihistamines. Oral antihistamines are recommended for conditions like allergic rhinitis or mild allergic reactions in children due to their effectiveness in managing symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, reducing allergic responses. Topical corticosteroids (option B) are typically used for skin conditions like eczema or dermatitis, not for systemic allergic reactions. Oral corticosteroids (option C) are prescribed for severe allergic reactions or asthma exacerbations, but they are not the first-line treatment for mild allergic symptoms in children. Immunotherapy (option D) is a treatment option for patients with severe allergies who do not respond well to other treatments or have frequent, significant allergic reactions. It involves exposing the patient to small amounts of the allergen to desensitize their immune system over time. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind treatment options is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients. It ensures safe and effective care delivery, considering factors like the child's age, weight, allergies, and the severity of their condition. By knowing which treatment is appropriate for a specific situation, nurses can provide optimal care and support to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of common pediatric health conditions, including allergies. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is a condition where individuals experience allergic reactions in the mouth and throat after consuming certain raw fruits, vegetables, or nuts. In this case, the correct answer is D) Peanuts because peanuts are not commonly associated with OAS. Apples (Option A), carrots (Option B), and celery (Option C) are all common culprits of OAS. These foods share similar proteins with pollen, leading to cross-reactivity in individuals with pollen allergies. When these raw fruits and vegetables are consumed, individuals may experience itching, tingling, or swelling in the mouth and throat. Educationally, understanding the triggers and symptoms of OAS is essential for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and guidance to patients and their families. By differentiating between common causes and less common culprits like peanuts, nurses can effectively educate on allergen avoidance and management strategies. This knowledge is vital in promoting the health and well-being of pediatric patients with allergies.