A 7-year-old boy exhibits separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal from activities after his parents' divorce. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for the 7-year-old boy exhibiting separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal from activities after his parents' divorce is D) Separation anxiety disorder. The correct answer, Separation anxiety disorder, is characterized by excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached. In this case, the boy's symptoms align with the hallmark features of this disorder following a significant life event like his parents' divorce. Option A) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which are different from the boy's presentation. Option B) Conduct disorder involves a pattern of violating the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms, which does not align with the symptoms described for the boy. Option C) Major depressive disorder typically includes symptoms like persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in appetite or sleep, which are not the primary symptoms exhibited by the boy in this scenario. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers working with children to be able to differentiate between various childhood behavioral and emotional disorders based on their unique presentations. Understanding the diagnostic criteria for each disorder is essential for effective assessment, intervention, and support for children experiencing mental health challenges. Identifying and addressing separation anxiety disorder in children can help in providing appropriate interventions to support their emotional well-being during challenging life transitions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) anaphylaxis to a wasp sting. Immunotherapy is a treatment that aims to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens. In the case of anaphylaxis to a wasp sting, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, immunotherapy may not provide sufficient symptomatic improvement or protection in the event of future stings. Option A, ragweed allergy, and option D, house dust mite allergy, are conditions where immunotherapy can be effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life by decreasing the body's allergic response to these allergens. Option B, a local reaction to a bee sting, is also a situation where immunotherapy can be beneficial in reducing the severity of future reactions to bee stings. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the limitations and effectiveness of different treatment modalities is crucial for providing safe and evidence-based care to children with allergies. Educating patients and their families about the appropriate use of immunotherapy and its potential outcomes is essential in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand strategies to minimize allergies, especially to common allergens like house dust mites. The correct answer, option D, which is keeping household humidity to less than 50%, is recommended as helpful in minimizing allergies to house dust mites for several reasons. House dust mites thrive in humid environments, so maintaining humidity levels below 50% helps to inhibit their growth and reduce allergen exposure. This measure is supported by research and guidelines from organizations like the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Option A, maximizing time spent in one room, is incorrect because dust mites are present throughout the house, not just in one room, so confining oneself to a single room does not effectively minimize exposure. Option B, washing bedding weekly in cold water, is a good practice to reduce dust mite allergens but may not be as effective as controlling humidity levels. Option C, installing new carpet, is not recommended as carpets can harbor dust mites and allergens, exacerbating allergies. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be knowledgeable about evidence-based strategies to manage allergies in children. Teaching caregivers about the impact of humidity on dust mite allergies and providing practical advice on maintaining optimal humidity levels can help improve children's quality of life and reduce allergy symptoms. Understanding the rationale behind each answer equips nurses with the knowledge to educate families effectively and implement holistic care strategies to support pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the appropriate treatment options for common conditions is crucial for providing effective care. In this scenario, the recommended treatment option for the patient in Question 29 is oral antihistamines (Option A). Oral antihistamines are often the first-line treatment for allergic conditions like allergic rhinitis or mild allergic reactions in children. They work by blocking histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction, thereby reducing symptoms like itching, sneezing, and watery eyes. Topical corticosteroids (Option B) are typically used for localized skin conditions like eczema and should not be the first choice for systemic allergic reactions. Oral corticosteroids (Option C) are reserved for severe allergic reactions or conditions that do not respond to antihistamines due to their potential side effects. Immunotherapy (Option D) is a long-term treatment option for severe allergies and is not typically the initial choice for mild allergic reactions in pediatric patients. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the rationale behind treatment choices in pediatric patients to provide safe and effective care. By knowing the appropriate use of medications like oral antihistamines and their alternatives, nurses can help manage allergic conditions in children and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Peanuts. Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is typically triggered by proteins found in certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Peanuts, being a legume and not a tree nut, are not commonly associated with OAS. Apples, carrots, and celery are common triggers for OAS due to their similarity in protein structure to pollen allergens. This phenomenon occurs because the immune system recognizes these similar proteins as the pollen allergen, leading to cross-reactivity and allergic symptoms in the mouth and throat. Educational context: Understanding common triggers of oral allergy syndrome is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with allergies. By knowing which foods are more likely to cause OAS, nurses can provide appropriate education to patients and families on dietary restrictions and symptom management. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of OAS and knowing the common triggers will help nurses in assessing and managing allergic reactions effectively in pediatric patients.