ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 7-month-old infant presented with recurrent seizures; on examination there are hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis; skull film revealed intracerebral calcifications. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Seizures, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, and calcifications at 7 months suggest congenital toxoplasmosis (E), with classic triad (hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, calcifications), unlike others (A, B, C, D).
Question 2 of 5
Infants who weigh less than 1500 g or who are born before 28 weeks' gestational age should be screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when they are
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ROP screening for <1500 g or <28 weeks infants occurs at 4 weeks or >34 weeks corrected age (B), per AAP guidelines, to catch early retinal changes.
Question 3 of 5
The treatment of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis requires oral erythromycin (A) to treat ocular and potential systemic infection, per standard protocols.
Question 4 of 5
The treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) include all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BPD management includes hydration (B), steroids (C), ventilation (D), and RSV prophylaxis (E). Tracheotomy (A) is rare and not standard.
Question 5 of 5
A 40-day-old infant product of difficult vaginal delivery, presented with repeated vomiting, pallor, and recurrent seizures. On examination, occipitofrontal circumference was 41 cm. Lab study showed; Hb level, 7 gm/dl. You suspect intracranial hemorrhage. Of the following, the MOST likely site of hemorrhage is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Subdural hemorrhage (A) fits difficult delivery, late seizures, and anemia at 40 days, more than subarachnoid (B), periventricular (C), IVH (D), or intraparenchymal (E) in term infants.