ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Practice Exam 1 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 69-year-old man with exercise-induced angina presents to his primary care physician for follow-up. The angina is worsening and is now present at rest. The patient is not taking any medications. Isosorbide dinitrate sublingual is prescribed for the patient. Which of the following interactions must the physician warn this patient about?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Isosorbide dinitrate, a nitrate, treats angina by dilating vessels, but its interaction with sildenafil causes severe hypotension. Both enhance cGMP, leading to profound vasodilation, a life-threatening risk. Cold extremities or hot extremities may occur as minor effects but aren't primary concerns. Tinnitus and vertigo (E) aren't linked. Given his age and potential for erectile dysfunction treatment, warning about sildenafil is critical. Nitrates' rapid action relieves rest angina, but this interaction demands patient education to prevent catastrophic blood pressure drops, distinguishing it from less severe side effects.
Question 2 of 5
A 42-year-old man undergoes a neurologic evaluation because of episodes of apparent confusion. Over the past year, the man has experienced episodes during which he develops a blank look on his face and fails to respond to questions. Moreover, it appears to take several minutes before the man recovers from the episodes. Which one of the following best describes this type of seizure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Focal complex partial seizures impair consciousness, causing confusion, unresponsiveness, and a blank stare, lasting minutes with slow recovery, as described. Simple partial seizures preserve awareness with focal symptoms. Tonic-clonic seizures feature convulsions. Absence seizures are brief (seconds) with rapid recovery. Myoclonic seizures involve jerks. The prolonged duration and impaired consciousness align with complex partial seizures' temporal lobe origin and EEG findings, distinguishing it here.
Question 3 of 5
A client calls the nurse help-line and says, 'My friend and I have been swimming and drinking beer all day and he took a couple of swigs of Robitussin DM (dextromethorphan) about 15 minutes ago. Now he is acting funny and seeing things.' What should the nurse consider when formulating a response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dextromethorphan (DM), a cough suppressant, can cause dizziness, hallucinations, and confusion, especially with alcohol, which amplifies CNS depression . Dialysis isn't standard for DM overdose; it's not an opioid , though it acts centrally; and addiction isn't the acute issue. The nurse considers dizziness as a key adverse effect, worsened by beer, guiding a response to seek medical help.
Question 4 of 5
Which over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine combination contains an analgesic property?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse administers IV mannitol to a client with cerebral edema. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, reduces cerebral edema by drawing fluid into the vasculature, excreted via urine. Monitoring urine output ensures efficacy and prevents fluid overload or renal strain, critical in brain injury. BP and pupils matter but follow diuresis. Temperature is unrelated. Urine output aligns with mannitol's action, key in cerebral edema where ICP reduction hinges on fluid shift, making A the priority parameter.