A 68-year-old male is being admitted to the hospital for an exacerbation of his COPD. The nurse is developing his plan of care. The nurse can expect that this client will?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Require frequent rest periods throughout the day. This is because patients with COPD often experience shortness of breath and fatigue, necessitating frequent rest periods to conserve energy and manage symptoms. Oxygen therapy is typically started at a lower flow rate (2-4 L/min) to avoid suppressing the patient's respiratory drive, so option A is not appropriate. Respiratory isolation is unnecessary for COPD exacerbation, as it is not a contagious condition, making option B incorrect. Fluid restriction is not typically indicated for COPD exacerbation unless the patient has comorbid conditions like heart failure, so option D is not the priority.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: nitrogen. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant gas. This is due to the fact that nitrogen is a chemically stable element that forms diatomic molecules (N2) which are not easily broken down. Oxygen (A) makes up about 21% of the atmosphere, while water vapor (B) and argon (C) are present in much smaller quantities. Therefore, nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere based on its high percentage composition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Decompression sickness occurs when nitrogen bubbles form in the blood due to rapid changes in pressure during ascent. Nitrogen, a major component of air, dissolves in the blood at higher pressure and forms bubbles when pressure decreases. These bubbles can block blood vessels, leading to various symptoms. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to hypercapnia, not decompression sickness. Choice B is incorrect as decompression sickness is not caused by lack of oxygen but rather by nitrogen bubbles. Choice D is incorrect as glucose deficiency is not related to decompression sickness. Therefore, the correct answer is C, bubbles of nitrogen in the blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tuberculosis. BCG vaccine is specifically designed to prevent tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to provide protection against TB. Pneumonia (A), Emphysema (C), and Smallpox (D) are not targeted by the BCG vaccine. Pneumonia is usually caused by viruses or bacteria different from TB, Emphysema is a chronic lung condition unrelated to TB, and Smallpox is caused by the Variola virus, which is different from the bacteria causing TB. Therefore, the correct answer is B as BCG vaccine is used to curb tuberculosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When CO2 concentration in the blood increases, it leads to respiratory acidosis, causing the body to increase breathing rate to expel excess CO2 and restore pH balance. This increase in breathing helps eliminate CO2 through exhalation, thus the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in CO2 concentration triggers an increase in breathing to remove the excess CO2, not decrease it. Choice C is incorrect because stopping breathing would be life-threatening and is not a physiological response to high CO2 levels. Choice D is incorrect because an increase in CO2 concentration does have an effect on breathing rate to maintain homeostasis.