A 67-year-old client develops acute shortness of breath and progressive hypoxia requiring right femur. The hypoxia was probably caused by which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fat embolism. In this scenario, a 67-year-old client with acute shortness of breath and hypoxia after a right femur fracture is likely experiencing a fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream, often following long bone fractures. These fat globules can travel to the lungs and cause respiratory distress. Asthma attack (A), atelectasis (B), and bronchitis (C) are less likely in this case as they do not typically present acutely following a femur fracture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will call my doctor if Stacy has persistent vomiting and diarrhea". Rationale: 1. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea are common side effects of chemotherapy that can lead to dehydration and other complications. 2. Contacting the physician in this case shows understanding of the need for immediate medical attention. 3. Prompt communication with the doctor can help in managing these side effects effectively and prevent further complications. Summary: A: Difficulty in sleeping is a common side effect of chemotherapy but does not require immediate medical attention. C: Irritability and unhappiness are subjective symptoms and may not indicate a serious medical issue. D: Continued hair loss is a known side effect of chemotherapy but does not require immediate medical attention unless excessive.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevated serum aminotransferase. In liver cirrhosis, liver cells are damaged, causing release of aminotransferase enzymes into the bloodstream. Elevated levels of serum aminotransferase, such as ALT and AST, indicate liver damage. Decreased red blood cell count (A) is not specific to liver cirrhosis. Decreased serum acid phosphate level (B) is not a typical indicator of liver cirrhosis. Elevated white blood cell count (C) is more commonly associated with infection or inflammation, not liver cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D: Furosemide (Lasix) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption in the loop of Henle, leading to diuresis and decreased blood volume, thus reducing blood pressure. This mechanism is specific to loop diuretics like furosemide. Option A is incorrect as furosemide acts on the kidneys, not peripheral blood vessels. Option B is incorrect as furosemide does not directly affect sympathetic cardioacceleration. Option C is incorrect as furosemide does not target angiotensin-converting enzymes, which are related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the statement implies unrealistic expectations and a lack of understanding of a 3-year-old's developmental stage. At this age, children often require repeated instructions and reminders due to their cognitive and behavioral development. This expectation of immediate compliance could lead to frustration and potentially abusive behavior if the child does not meet these unreasonable demands. Choice A is incorrect because it refers to normal toddler behavior of occasional accidents even after toilet training. Choice C is incorrect as it highlights age-appropriate expectations for a 3-year-old to attempt dressing and feeding independently. Choice D is incorrect as saying "NO" is a common behavior in toddlers as they assert their independence and test boundaries.