ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 66-year-old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and hypertension is managed with ethacrynic acid, which controls his hypertension well. He is often hospitalized and placed on gentamicin for his recurrent pulmonary infections. Which of the following adverse effects must the treating physician be keenly aware of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, risks ototoxicity-hearing loss , especially with repeated use. Ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, also has ototoxicity potential, compounding risk. Dizziness , nausea , vertigo , and vomiting (E) occur but are less specific. Monitoring hearing is critical in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
The client has MRSA and receives vancomycin (Vancocin) intravenously (IV). The nurse assesses an upper body rash and decreased urine output. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is critical for treating MRSA but carries risks of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rashes) and nephrotoxicity (e.g., reduced urine output). The nurse's priority when observing an upper body rash and decreased urine output is to hold the next dose and notify the physician . This action prevents further drug administration that could worsen a potential allergic reaction or kidney damage, both serious adverse effects requiring immediate medical evaluation. An X-ray might assess lung involvement in severe cases but isn't the first step for these symptoms. An antihistamine could treat mild itching but risks masking a systemic reaction, delaying critical care. A urine specimen might confirm renal issues but doesn't address the urgency of stopping the drug. Holding the dose ensures patient safety while awaiting physician guidance, aligning with nursing protocols for adverse drug reactions, making A the most prudent and timely action.
Question 3 of 5
Currently, there is no way to prevent myelosuppression. However, there are medications available to elicit a more rapid bone marrow recovery. An example is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) is an example of a medication used to elicit a more rapid bone marrow recovery. It is a form of erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. By stimulating red blood cell production, epoetin alfa can help in faster recovery from myelosuppression, a condition characterized by low blood cell counts. This medication is commonly used in patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with chronic kidney disease to manage anemia and improve overall quality of life. Therefore, epoetin alfa is the correct answer in this scenario as it specifically addresses the issue of bone marrow recovery.
Question 4 of 5
A 66-year-old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and hypertension is managed with ethacrynic acid, which controls his hypertension well. He is often hospitalized and placed on gentamicin for his recurrent pulmonary infections. Which of the following adverse effects must the treating physician be keenly aware of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, risks ototoxicity-hearing loss , especially with repeated use. Ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, also has ototoxicity potential, compounding risk. Dizziness , nausea , vertigo , and vomiting (E) occur but are less specific. Monitoring hearing is critical in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
Antilipemic drug therapy is prescribed for a patient, and the nurse is providing instructions to the patient about the medication. Which instructions will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload: Antilipemic drugs can sometimes cause fluid retention, so it is important for the patient to limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.