A 66-year-old client has been complaining of sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings, the nurse would suspect which of the following disorders?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperparathyroidism. The symptoms described are indicative of hyperparathyroidism, which is characterized by increased levels of parathyroid hormone leading to high calcium levels in the blood. The symptoms such as bone pain, weakness, irritability, and depression are associated with hypercalcemia. The other choices (A: Diabetes mellitus, B: Diabetes insipidus, C: Hypoparathyroidism) are not consistent with the symptoms described in the scenario and would not typically present with bone pain, weakness, and irritability due to high calcium levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Air leak. Bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates air is escaping from the pleural space through the chest tube, confirming the presence of an air leak. This is a common complication after chest tube insertion for pneumothorax. Adequate suction (choice B) would not cause bubbling in the water seal chamber. Inadequate suction (choice C) would result in no bubbling or fluctuation of the water in the water seal chamber. A kinked chest tube (choice D) would obstruct the drainage but not cause bubbling in the water seal chamber.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low platelet count. In DIC, there is widespread activation of coagulation leading to consumption of platelets and clotting factors. This results in a low platelet count due to their excessive use in forming microthrombi. Elevated fibrinogen levels (B) occur in response to increased clotting activity. Low levels of fibrin degradation products (C) are not consistent with DIC as there is increased fibrin breakdown in DIC. Reduced prothrombin time (D) is not indicative of DIC as it measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation and may be normal or prolonged in DIC.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (80 mm Hg). Respiratory arrest leads to inadequate ventilation, causing carbon dioxide (CO2) retention. A high PaCO2 level indicates respiratory acidosis, which is a common consequence of respiratory arrest. In this scenario, the administration of a narcotic analgesic can depress the respiratory drive, leading to hypoventilation and subsequent respiratory acidosis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they represent lower PaCO2 levels, which would not be expected in a patient at risk of respiratory arrest.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Unstable angina indicates a serious condition requiring immediate intervention. Step 2: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a surgical procedure used to open blocked coronary arteries. Step 3: PTCA helps improve blood flow to the heart, reducing the risk of a heart attack. Step 4: Cardiac catheterization (choice A) is a diagnostic procedure, not a direct treatment. Step 5: Echocardiogram (choice B) is an imaging test, not a surgical intervention. Step 6: Nitroglycerin (choice C) is a medication used for symptom relief, not a surgical solution.