ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment 9th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 65-year-old patient presents with confusion, tremors, and bradykinesia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is C: Parkinson's disease. The symptoms of confusion, tremors, and bradykinesia are classic features of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement. The typical onset age aligns with the patient's age. Alzheimer's disease (A) primarily affects memory and cognition, Huntington's disease (B) presents with involuntary movements and cognitive decline, and Multiple sclerosis (D) involves the immune system attacking the central nervous system causing a variety of symptoms. Parkinson's is the most appropriate choice based on the symptom presentation and age of the patient.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is an early sign of dehydration in older adults?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry mouth and skin. Dehydration in older adults can lead to dry mouth and skin due to the lack of proper hydration. This is an early sign as the body starts to lose water. Weight gain (A) is not indicative of dehydration, as it typically occurs with fluid retention. Decreased urine output (C) is a later sign of dehydration, as the body conserves water. Increased thirst (D) is a response to dehydration but not an early sign. Therefore, dry mouth and skin are the most relevant early indicators of dehydration in older adults.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with dementia. Which intervention is most likely to reduce agitation in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a calm environment with minimal stimulation. This intervention is most likely to reduce agitation in a client with dementia because excessive stimulation can overwhelm and confuse them, leading to increased agitation. By creating a calm environment with minimal stimuli, the client can feel more relaxed and less agitated. Summary: B: Increasing social activities may actually worsen agitation as it can be overwhelming for a client with dementia. C: While social engagement is important, too many visitors can increase agitation. D: Providing a variety of activities may lead to confusion and frustration instead of reducing agitation.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is teaching an older client with hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following is most effective in managing high blood pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reducing sodium intake. High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be effectively managed. Increasing intake of fatty foods (B) can contribute to heart disease and worsen hypertension. Limiting physical activity (C) can lead to weight gain and higher blood pressure. Reducing fiber in the diet (D) can negatively impact overall health and increase the risk of hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
The following information is recorded in the health history: "Patient denies chest pain, palpitations, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea." Which category does it belong to?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Review of systems. In this case, the information provided pertains to specific symptoms related to the cardiovascular system. The review of systems involves asking about symptoms in various body systems to identify any potential issues. This information helps in identifying any underlying health concerns that the patient may not have mentioned as their main complaint. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Chief complaint - This is the main reason for the patient's visit or primary concern, not a list of symptoms. B: Present illness - Focuses on the details of the current medical issue, not a general review of symptoms. C: Personal and social history - Pertains to the patient's lifestyle, habits, and social support, not specific symptoms related to body systems.