ATI RN
jarvis physical examination and health assessment test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 64-year-old man complains of leg pain and occasional numbness that worsens with ambulation and improves with lumbar flexion. The symptoms are consistent with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Spinal stenosis. The symptoms described suggest neurogenic claudication, which is a hallmark of spinal stenosis. Pain worsening with ambulation and improving with lumbar flexion is characteristic of spinal stenosis due to narrowing of the spinal canal leading to compression of nerves. Ankylosing spondylitis (A) presents with inflammatory back pain and stiffness, not neurogenic claudication. Bursitis (C) involves inflammation of bursae, not typically associated with leg pain and numbness. Cauda equina syndrome (D) presents with sudden-onset severe back pain, urinary retention, and saddle anesthesia, which are not consistent with the described symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who is taking an oral glucocorticosteroid should be advised to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take it with food. Glucocorticosteroids can irritate the stomach lining, leading to gastritis or ulcers. Taking them with food helps reduce stomach irritation and the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Crushing it in applesauce (A) or chewing it prior to a high-fat meal (B) can exacerbate stomach irritation. Taking it on an empty stomach (C) can increase the risk of stomach upset and decrease absorption. Therefore, taking it with food (D) is the best option to minimize stomach irritation and improve medication effectiveness.
Question 3 of 5
Which is the appropriate medication for a 31-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with a UTI?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Cefuroxime and nitrofurantoin are safe for use in pregnancy and effective against UTIs. 2. Cefuroxime is a cephalosporin antibiotic, considered safe in pregnancy. 3. Nitrofurantoin is a first-line agent for UTIs in pregnancy due to its safety profile. 4. Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. 5. Amoxicillin is considered safe in pregnancy but not as effective as nitrofurantoin for UTIs.
Question 4 of 5
When measuring the fundal height of a pregnant female at 32 weeks gestation, which measurement would the NP suspect fetal growth?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 32 cm. At 32 weeks gestation, fundal height should typically correspond to the number of weeks of gestation. This is known as the McDonald's rule. The NP would suspect fetal growth if the fundal height is not within a range of +/- 2 cm from the expected measurement. In this case, 32 cm aligns with the expected fundal height for a pregnancy at 32 weeks gestation. Therefore, it indicates appropriate fetal growth. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not match the expected fundal height for a pregnancy at 32 weeks gestation, suggesting possible issues with fetal growth.
Question 5 of 5
Pregnant women are evaluated for syphilis with serology testing because:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because syphilis during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for the fetus, such as spontaneous abortion or congenital syphilis. This is due to the ability of the Treponema pallidum bacterium to cross the placenta and infect the fetus. Testing pregnant women for syphilis helps identify and treat the infection early to prevent these complications. Choice B is incorrect because hormonal changes do not trigger activation of latent syphilis. Choice C is incorrect as syphilis can be transmitted to the fetus at any point during pregnancy, not just in the third trimester. Choice D is incorrect because while untreated syphilis can have various complications, neonatal respiratory distress is not a direct consequence of syphilis infection during pregnancy.