A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department with altered mental status after ingesting an entire bottle of acetaminophen. The patient's heart rate is 120 beats/minute, blood pressure is 100/58 mm Hg, and respiration rate is 28/minute. His aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are 4,128 IU and 3,978 IU, respectively. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose with liver failure (elevated AST/ALT) needs N-acetylcysteine , restoring glutathione to detoxify NAPQI. Ammonium chloride and flumazenil are irrelevant. Naloxone treats opioids. Sodium bicarbonate (E) doesn't apply. N-acetylcysteine is critical.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid antitussives (e.g., codeine) act on the brain's cough center, suppressing severe, persistent coughs , often in conditions like bronchitis, not mild coughs . They don't decongest or thin mucus . Choice C reflects their purpose for significant cough relief, critical for nursing education.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antihistamines target H1 receptors for allergy relief, not B1/B2 (choices B, C) or nonexistent C1 . A reflects their mechanism, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nitroglycerin dilates vessels, relieving angina but risking hypotension. BP of 90/60 mmHg indicates excessive drop, requiring immediate action (e.g., stopping infusion) to prevent shock. Heart rate of 80 and respiratory rate of 16 are normal. Pain at 2/10 shows efficacy. Hypotension's threat to perfusion aligns with nitroglycerin's effect, critical in chest pain where stability is key, making A the finding needing swift response.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bioavailability quantifies the extent of systemic drug absorption after oral administration, often expressed as a ratio of oral AUC to intravenous AUC.