ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, renal impairment (creatinine 146 μmol/L) and mild congestive cardiac failure has poor diabetic control (HbA1c = 10.5 per cent), despite treatment with maximum doses of a sulfonylurea. Her body mass index (BMI) is 26. Which of the following would be most appropriate pharmacotherapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poor glycemic control (HbA1c 10.5%) despite max sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes with renal impairment and CHF needs escalation. Insulin replaces sulfonylurea, offering precise control without renal clearance issues, most appropriate here. Rosiglitazone risks fluid retention, worsening CHF. Bisoprolol, a beta-blocker, and rimonabant (withdrawn) don't address glycemia. Metformin is contraindicated with creatinine 146 μmol/L (eGFR <30-45) due to lactic acidosis risk. Insulin's flexibility and safety in this complex case optimize outcomes, critical for reducing complications.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse administers a vaccine to a child. What is the best understanding of the nurse as it relates to the manufacture of this vaccine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vaccines are typically produced using animal cells (e.g., eggs) or microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, yeast) to grow antigens, mimicking natural pathogen processes for immunity. Plant extracts aren't standard-most use biological systems. Combination products are rare; animal/microbial methods dominate. Lab synthesis applies to small molecules, not complex vaccines. This understanding reflects standard bioprocessing, ensuring effective immune response.
Question 3 of 5
The patient was receiving haloperidol (Haldol), a dopamine antagonist. The psychiatrist changed the order to aripiprazole (Abilify), a partial dopamine antagonist. Which statement best describes the effect of the change of medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist, balances receptor activity versus haloperidol's full block, reducing side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms, common in schizophrenia treatment. Compliance isn't directly tied to this switch. Efficacy or symptom reduction varies-side effect profile drives the change. Fewer side effects align with aripiprazole's design, improving tolerability.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement regarding the use of zolpidem (Ambien) for insomnia is accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
A 33-year-old man spends the morning outside gardening in the sun on a warm spring day. He develops a tension headache, and the only medication he has at home is aspirin. After taking two regular-sized aspirin tablets, there was an increase in his respiration rate. What is the reason for the increased respirations?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin (salicylates) at standard doses (two tablets) can cause respiratory changes. Option , CO2 receptor agonism, is incorrect-salicylates don't target carotid bodies directly. Option , direct stimulation of the respiratory center, is correct-salicylates stimulate the medullary respiratory center, increasing respiration rate, a known early effect in salicylate toxicity. Option , shifting the oxygen dissociation curve, is unrelated to aspirin's action. Option , uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, occurs in overdose, causing metabolic acidosis and compensatory hyperventilation, but not at this dose. Here, the mild increase in respiration aligns with central stimulation, not severe metabolic disruption. This reflects aspirin's pharmacological effect on brainstem respiratory control, distinct from overdose scenarios, explaining the observed hyperventilation in this otherwise healthy man.