A 62-year-old patient with a T-score of -2.0 after a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan receives advice. What is the best advice for this patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient's T-score of -2.0 indicates osteoporosis, which typically requires treatment with bisphosphonates to prevent further bone loss. Bisphosphonates help to increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Option A is incorrect as calcium alone may not be sufficient to treat osteoporosis without other medications. Option B is incorrect because while weight-bearing exercises are beneficial for bone health, they are not enough to treat osteoporosis alone. Option D is incorrect as it only includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which may not be enough for a patient with osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hCG. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the developing embryo and maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. It stimulates the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining to support the developing embryo. Progesterone helps prevent menstruation and supports the pregnancy. Estrogen (choice B) plays a role in the menstrual cycle but does not specifically maintain the corpus luteum. LH (choice D) is responsible for ovulation but does not maintain the corpus luteum. Therefore, hCG is the correct choice as it directly supports the function of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Follicular phase. This phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by the development and maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. During this phase, the primary follicle develops into the secondary and then the mature Graafian follicle. This is when follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of the follicles. The other choices, such as A (Luteal phase), C (Secretory phase), and D (Proliferative phase), do not involve follicle growth. The luteal phase follows ovulation and is characterized by the development of the corpus luteum. The secretory phase is part of the uterine cycle, involving endometrial preparation for implantation. The proliferative phase is also part of the uterine cycle, involving endometrial thickening under the influence of estrogen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stimulate follicle growth. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) in females plays a key role in stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. This hormone helps in the development of follicles containing the eggs within the ovaries. The other choices are incorrect because A: Stimulate ovulation is primarily regulated by LH (Luteinizing Hormone), B: Maintain pregnancy is mainly controlled by progesterone and hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin), D: Trigger luteinization is also regulated by LH. Therefore, the main role of FSH in females is to stimulate follicle growth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Progesterone is the correct answer because it is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy by creating a favorable environment for implantation and maintaining the uterine lining. Progesterone also helps prevent contractions of the uterus that could lead to the shedding of the uterine lining. Estrogen, FSH, and LH do not directly prepare the uterus for pregnancy but play roles in follicle development and ovulation.