A 62-year-old male client was in a motor vehicle accident as an unrestrained driver. He's now in the emergency department complaining of difficulty of breathing and chest pain. On auscultation of his lung field, no breath sounds are present in the upper lobe. This client may have which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumothorax. In this scenario, the absence of breath sounds in the upper lobe of the lung field indicates a possible pneumothorax, where air enters the pleural space causing lung collapse. This condition is common in trauma cases like motor vehicle accidents. Bronchitis (A) and pneumonia (B) typically present with abnormal breath sounds but not the absence of breath sounds in a specific lobe. Tuberculosis (D) would not cause sudden absence of breath sounds in a specific lobe.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide frequent mouthwash with normal saline. Normal saline is a gentle and effective solution for promoting oral hygiene and comfort in stomatitis. It helps to cleanse the mouth, reduce inflammation, and provide relief. Frequent mouthwash with normal saline helps to keep the oral cavity clean and maintain moisture without causing irritation. Summary: - Choice B: Applying viscous Lidocaine may provide temporary pain relief but does not address oral hygiene. - Choice C: Lemon glycerine swabs can be irritating to oral ulcers and may worsen the condition. - Choice D: Rinsing the mouth with Hydrogen Peroxide can be too harsh and may further irritate the oral ulcers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Altered level of consciousness. Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by cognitive impairment and changes in consciousness due to liver dysfunction. It is the most common clinical manifestation seen in patients with this condition. Increased urine output (A), decreased tendon reflex (C), and hypotension (D) are not typical features of hepatic encephalopathy. Altered level of consciousness is directly related to the toxic effects of ammonia on the brain, which is the underlying mechanism in hepatic encephalopathy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: The role of a technician involves providing direct care and assistance to clients. Step 2: Feeding and bathing a catatonic client falls under the scope of direct care. Step 3: Administering medications (Choice A) is typically done by nurses. Step 4: Coordinating care (Choice C) involves more of a managerial or leadership role. Step 5: Disseminating information (Choice D) is usually done by educators or counselors. In summary, choice B is correct as it aligns with the direct care responsibilities of a technician, while the other choices involve tasks typically performed by different healthcare professionals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Somatoform Pain Disorder. This disorder is characterized by persistent, severe pain without any identifiable physical cause. In this case, the individual's low back pain has been investigated with negative results, indicating no physical basis for the pain. This aligns with the criteria for somatoform pain disorder. A: Somatization Disorder involves a history of multiple, recurrent physical complaints across various organ systems, not just focused on pain. B: Hypochondriasis is characterized by excessive fear of having a serious illness, whereas this individual's pain is the primary concern. C: Conversion Disorder involves neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation, such as paralysis or blindness, which is not the case here. In summary, the individual's unexplained, persistent pain fits the criteria for Somatoform Pain Disorder, making it the correct choice among the options provided.