ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 60-year-old woman has ulcerative colitis resistant to aminosalicylates and topical corticosteroids. It is decided to treat her with systemic corticosteroids. Which of the following is not a likely complication of the treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) for ulcerative colitis cause side effects. Osteoporosis results from reduced bone formation over time. Diabetes stems from glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Hypertension occurs via sodium retention and vasoconstriction. Mood changes are common due to CNS effects. Weight loss isn't typical; corticosteroids cause weight gain from increased appetite and fat redistribution, making it the exception. This reflects their metabolic impact, requiring monitoring in chronic use.
Question 2 of 5
A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia is to receive finasteride (Proscar). The nurse understands that this drug works by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Finasteride (Proscar), a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, shrinks the prostate in BPH by reducing dihydrotestosterone, easing urinary obstruction. Smooth muscle relaxation is for ED drugs like sildenafil. It lowers DHT, not testosterone, and doesn't stimulate RNA synthesis. Prostate shrinkage is its core action, distinct from other mechanisms.
Question 3 of 5
The student nurse has been reading about the Human Genome Project and asks the nursing instructor how this will impact future pharmacological therapies. What is the best response by the instructor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Human Genome Project enables pharmacogenomics, tailoring drugs to genetic profiles for better efficacy (e.g., CYP2D6 variants), not eliminating drugs. Standardized doses ignore genetics. Disease prevention via genes complements, not replaces, drugs. Individualized therapy leverages genomics, enhancing treatment precision.
Question 4 of 5
Which common adverse effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) would be stressed by the nurse during patient discharge?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SSRIs (e.g., sertraline) commonly cause weight gain and sexual dysfunction (e.g., delayed ejaculation), per patient reports-key for adherence. Drowsiness/coma are overdose risks, not common. Headache/nausea occur but fade. Dry mouth/urine retention are anticholinergic, not SSRI. These impact quality of life, needing emphasis.
Question 5 of 5
A 63-year-old man with glaucoma maintained on a regimen of topical medications with an exacerbation of his symptoms. He complains of difficulty with his vision in both eyes and has headaches. Which of the following drugs is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glaucoma involves elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and this patient's exacerbation-vision difficulty and headaches-requires effective IOP reduction. Bimatoprost and Latanoprost are prostaglandin analogs, increasing outflow, but may not act fast enough for acute worsening. Pilocarpine , a muscarinic agonist, contracts the ciliary muscle, opening the trabecular meshwork, enhancing aqueous humor outflow, and rapidly lowering IOP-ideal for this scenario. Tetracycline is an antibiotic, irrelevant. Travoprost (E), another prostaglandin, is similar to A and B. Pilocarpine's direct action on outflow makes it most appropriate for urgent IOP control in open-angle or angle-closure glaucoma exacerbation. Its side effects (miosis, brow ache) are tolerable given the need for immediate relief, distinguishing it from slower-acting prostaglandins.