ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 60-year-old male with hyperlipidemia is prescribed ezetimibe. Ezetimibe works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. Ezetimibe is a medication that works by blocking the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the small intestine, leading to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. This mechanism helps reduce overall cholesterol levels in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because ezetimibe does not inhibit HMG-CoA reductase in the liver (like statins), increase the excretion of cholesterol in the bile, or increase HDL cholesterol levels.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with chronic pain is prescribed gabapentin. Gabapentin works by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binding to calcium channels in the central nervous system. Gabapentin binds to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, reducing calcium influx and inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. This mechanism helps to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability and alleviate neuropathic pain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because gabapentin does not block sodium channels, inhibit serotonin reuptake, or increase dopamine levels.
Question 3 of 5
Which medication is primarily used to treat hyperlipidemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Simvastatin is a statin drug known to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. 2. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood, making statins the ideal treatment. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, not indicated for hyperlipidemia. 4. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for asthma, not hyperlipidemia. 5. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker for hypertension, not hyperlipidemia.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is using albuterol inhaler before exercise. What is the most likely reason for this use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of bronchospasm. Albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. Before exercise, albuterol can help prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm by opening up the airways and making breathing easier. Choice B, pain management, is incorrect as albuterol is not used for pain relief. Choice C, reduction of blood pressure, is incorrect as albuterol primarily targets the lungs, not the cardiovascular system. Choice D, treatment of COPD, is incorrect as while albuterol can be used in COPD management, using it specifically before exercise is more indicative of preventing bronchospasm in asthma.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with asthma is prescribed salmeterol. Salmeterol works primarily by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist that works by binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This results in bronchodilation, which helps in relieving asthma symptoms. Choice A is incorrect as salmeterol does not block the action of histamine. Choice C is incorrect as salmeterol does not inhibit the release of leukotrienes. Choice D is incorrect as salmeterol does not block acetylcholine receptors in the lungs. In summary, the correct answer B is based on the mechanism of action of salmeterol as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, leading to bronchodilation and improved breathing in asthma patients.