A 60-year-old male is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. Lisinopril works by:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which blocks the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, so by inhibiting its production, lisinopril helps dilate blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect because calcium channel blockers work differently. Choice C is incorrect because aldosterone release is not directly affected by lisinopril. Choice D is incorrect because beta-blockers target a different pathway in the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A patient with a history of glaucoma. Albuterol can potentially worsen glaucoma due to its side effect of increasing intraocular pressure. Patients with glaucoma should avoid using albuterol to prevent exacerbating their condition. Patients with asthma (B) benefit from albuterol as it is a bronchodilator. Cough (C) can be a symptom of conditions that albuterol may help treat. Albuterol is generally safe for pregnant patients (D) when the benefits outweigh the risks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Replacing deficient thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing the low levels of thyroid hormone in the body. It does not increase TSH production (Choice A), inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis (Choice C), or increase the metabolism of thyroid hormones (Choice D). By providing the missing thyroid hormone, levothyroxine helps restore normal thyroid function and alleviate symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Fluoxetine falls under this class by specifically inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, leading to increased serotonin levels in the brain. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms of depression. Other choices are incorrect because fluoxetine is not an MAOI (B), TCA (C), or SNRI (D), as it does not primarily target monoamine oxidase enzymes, nor does it have the tricyclic structure or target both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a dry, persistent cough due to its effect on bradykinin levels. This side effect is distinct and prevalent compared to others like fatigue, weight gain, or hyperkalemia. Fatigue and weight gain are less common side effects of lisinopril, while hyperkalemia is a potential but less frequent adverse reaction associated with ACE inhibitors. Overall, the prevalence and mechanism of dry cough make it the most common side effect of lisinopril.