A 60-year-old male has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Six months ago, he was started on a new medication. The class of medication is most likely to cause impotence as a side effect; therefore, medication classes explored by the nurse are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Antihypertensives. Antihypertensive medications are known to commonly cause impotence as a side effect due to their impact on blood flow and circulation. This can affect erectile function in males. Antipyretics (A) are used to reduce fever, bronchodilators (B) are used to treat respiratory conditions, and corticosteroids (C) are anti-inflammatory medications. These classes of medications are not typically associated with impotence as a side effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sulfonamides. Sulfonamides inhibit folate synthesis in bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase. This leads to disruption of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in bacteria. Drinking 8 ounces of water during sulfonamide use helps prevent crystalluria and subsequent kidney stone formation by ensuring adequate hydration to flush out the drug and its metabolites. Vancomycin (A) acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, Linezolid (B) inhibits protein synthesis, and Penicillin (D) inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis through interference with transpeptidation reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct choice for treating aspergillosis is B: Amphotericin B. It is the most appropriate due to its broad antifungal spectrum, including activity against Aspergillus species. Amphotericin B is often considered the first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Terbinafine (A) is more commonly used for dermatophyte infections, not aspergillosis. Flucytosine (C) is mainly used for Cryptococcal infections. Itraconazole (D) may have some activity against Aspergillus, but it is generally less effective than Amphotericin B for invasive cases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Intestinal Rationale: 1. Corticosteroids suppress the immune system. 2. Intestinal tuberculosis can lead to perforation, and corticosteroids can mask symptoms and worsen the condition. 3. Miliary and meningeal TB benefit from corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. 4. Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids. Summary: - A: Corticosteroids are not contraindicated in miliary TB. - B: Corticosteroids are beneficial in meningeal TB. - C: Corticosteroids can worsen intestinal TB. - D: Renal TB is treated with antibiotics, not corticosteroids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Valacyclovir. Valacyclovir is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat herpes simplex virus infections. It is a prodrug of acyclovir, which inhibits viral replication by targeting the viral DNA polymerase enzyme. Valacyclovir is effective in reducing the severity and duration of genital herpes outbreaks. A: Zanamivir is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza virus infections, not herpes simplex virus infections. B: Lamivudine is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV and hepatitis B infections, not herpes simplex virus infections. D: Cidofovir is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, not herpes simplex virus infections. In summary, Valacyclovir is the most appropriate choice for treating genital herpes simplex virus infection due to its effectiveness in inhibiting viral replication and reducing the severity of outbreaks.